cri177 m1-2

• Behavior


  The way in which an organism responds to stimulus
• Human behavior


  The actions, reactions, and conduct of individuals or groups in response to various internal and external stimuli
• Stimulus


  Any object or event that elicits a sensory or behavioral response in an organism
• Types of stimulus

  • Internal stimuli
  • External stimuli
• Psychology


  The scientific study of the mind and behavior
• Psychology is the study of the mind


  It attempts to understand the role human behavior plays in social dynamics
• Goals and objectives of studying human behavior

  • To describe behavior
  • To identify factors that can predict behavior
  • To understand and explain behavior
  • To control and change behavior
• Different attributes or characteristics of behavior

  • Overt behavior
  • Covert behavior
  • Simple behavior
  • Complex behavior
  • Rational behavior
  • Irrational behavior
  • Voluntary behavior
  • Involuntary behavior
• Three levels of behavior

  • Vegetative level
  • Animal level
  • Human level
• Three faculties of man

  • Will
  • Intellect
  • Soul
• Heredity


  The characteristics of a person acquired from birth being transferred from one generation to another
• Environment


  The surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates as affected by human activity
• Environmental factors affecting behavior

  • Family dynamics
  • Physical environment
  • Socioeconomic status
• Other factors affecting human behavior

  • Psychological factors
  • Developmental stages
  • Motivation
  • Learning and conditioning
  • Institutional influences
  • Socio-cultural factors
  • Nutrition
• Conformity perspective


  Humans are inherently inclined toward conformity and seek to do what is considered the "right" thing
• Nonconformist perspective


  Humans are inherently undisciplined and, without societal constraints, would engage in deviant behavior and flout societal conventions
• Learning perspective


  Human beings are born neutral, and their behavior, beliefs, and tendencies are learned through experiences and interactions within the social environment
• Difference-in-kind perspective


  Humans are fundamentally different from other animals in spiritual, psychological, and mental aspects
• Difference-in-degrees perspective

  Human aggression and violence are considered as results of innate, biological needs related to obtaining food supplies, territory, status, and mates
• Psychological criminology


  The science of the behavior and mental processes of the person who commits crime
• Sociological criminology


  Focuses primarily on groups and society as a whole, and how they influence criminal activity
• Focus of psychological criminology

  • Cognitive approach
  • Biological or neurological approach
  • Developmental approach
• Focus of sociological criminology

  • Social institutions and crime
  • Social processes and crime
  • Social inequality and crime
• internal stimuli


  certain response are energized by conditions within the individual
• external stimuli


  certain response are energized by conditions from external factors. the 5 SENSES
• overt behavior


  behaviors that are openly displayed and readily observable
• covert behavior


  those that are hidden from the view of the observer
• simple behavior


  the one in which the response is the direct result of the cause
• complex behavior


  it refers to a combination of different types of behavior which occur in one situation
• rational behavior


  Refers to behaviors that come about as a consequence of logical thought processes, such as cost-benefit analysis, use of common sense, or critical analysis.
• irrational behavior


  often driven by our emotional side rather than logical processes. ex. sleep walking
• voluntary behavior


  we choose to do our own volition, consiously, and without coercion or force
• involuntary behavior


  refers to things that we do that we cannot control like bodily processes that go on even when we are awake or asleep. ex breathe and heartbeat
• vegetative level


  responsible for nurturing and reproduction, in human beings, for food and reproduction. GROWTH
• animal level


  movement and sensation, mostly the use of the senses and sex drives. LOCOMOTION, 5 SENSES
• rational/psyche human level


  values and morals, reasons and the will. understanding intellection or truth, volition or goodness
• will

  the power of conscious deliberate actions; the faculty by which the rational mind makes choice of its ends of action, and directs energies in carrying out its determinations.
• intellect


  the faculty of power of perception or thought; or power of understanding
• soul


  the rational, emotional, and volitional faculties in man, conceived of as forming and entity distinct from, often existing independently of his body
• family dynamics


  the family is often considered the primary environment for socialization. The nature of family relationships, parenting styles, and the quality of family interactions significantly influence an individual's behavior and social skills.