TEXTUAL AIDS M2

• Textual aids


  Non-textual elements that help readers understand the content of the text
• Examples of textual aids

  • Titles
  • Subtitles
  • Bold text
  • Italicized text
  • Underlined text
  • Illustrations
  • Maps
  • Tables
  • Graphs
  • Charts
• Purpose of textual aids

  • To direct the reader's attention to important ideas in the text
  • To provide more information as a supplement to what is already written
• Types of advanced organizers

  • Expository
  • Narrative
  • Skimming
  • Picture walk
  • Graphic organizers
• Expository advanced organizers


  Give students a broad idea of the lesson's purpose before the lesson begins
• Narrative advanced organizers


  Involve storytelling at the beginning of the class to relate to important concepts
• Skimming


  A teacher may ask students to skim over a reading focusing on highlighted information such as captions or chapter headings
• Picture walk


  A shared activity between a child and an adult that occurs prior to reading the book where you flip through the pages one by one as a way to preview the story
• Examples of graphic organizers

  • Persuasion map
  • Sequence chart
  • Story map
  • Biography graphic organizer
  • Learning map
  • Vocabulary graphic organizer
  • Problem solving organizer
  • Timeline graphic organizer
  • T-chart
  • Hierarchy chart
  • Star diagram
  • Cluster diagram
  • Lotus diagram
  • Cause and effect graphic organizer
  • Mind map
  • Double bubble map
  • Venn diagram
• KWL chart


  Students write what they think they know, what they want to know, and what they've learned
• Analogy


  A comparison of two things that are alike in some way, used as an advanced organizer
• Title


  Improves the comprehension and memorability of text
• Non-linear illustrations


  Text with visuals or graphs, including flow charts, charts, graphs, and graphic organizers
• Parts of a table

  • Table number
  • Title
  • Captions or column headings
  • Stubs or row headings
  • Footnote
  • Source
• Parts of a bar graph

  • Title
  • Labels
  • Bars
• Parts of a line graph

  • Title
  • X-axis
  • Y-axis
• Parts of a pie graph

  • Title
  • Legend
  • Data
  • Source
• Parts of a pictograph

  • Title
  • Pictures
  • Labels
  • Key
• Types of maps


  • Physical map
  • Political map
• Illustrations or pictures are also considered textual aids as they facilitate better retention of the information presented
• • TEXTUAL AIDS- REFERS TO NON-TEXTUAL ELEMENTS THAT HELP READERS UNDERSAND THE CONTENT OF THE TEXT.
• Textual aids include graphs, charts, diagrams, tables, illustrations, photographs, etc.