Physical Education

• Functions of Sports Events Management


  • Planning
  • Organising
  • Staffing
  • Directing
  • Controlling
• Planning


  The foremost function in sports that gives a view of future course of action. It should be specific, logical, flexible and complete in all aspects and assist in controlling future events.
• Organising


  The process of execution of the plan, including distributing resources and organising personnel to achieve the goals established in the planning stage.
• Staffing


  Identifying key staff positions, and ensuring that proper talent is serving that specific job duty in order to achieve the aims and objectives of an organization.
• Directing


  Letting staff know what needs to be done, by whom and also by when. It includes supervision of personnel while simultaneously motivating them.
• Controlling


  All the processes that leaders create to monitor success, including establishing performance standards, measuring actual performance and comparing them for irregularities.
• Committees for sports event management

  • Technical Committee
  • Logistics Committee
  • Finance Committee
  • Marketing Committee
• Technical Committee


  • Responsible for technical aspects like procuring equipment, conducting matches, managing officials, preparing fixtures, etc.
• Logistics Committee


  • Responsible for transportation, boarding and lodging, refreshments, decoration, ceremonies, etc.
• Finance Committee


  • Responsible for financial oversight, budgeting, sponsorship, payments, etc.
• Marketing Committee


  • Responsible for publicity, sponsorship generation, media management, etc.
• Checklist for organising a sports event

  • Formation of Organising Committees
  • Establishment of Objectives
  • Theme of the event
  • Date of the event
  • Place of the event
  • Budget
  • Sponsorship
  • Marketing (Campaign)
  • Invitations to teams and guests
  • Conformation of teams
  • Logistics (Accommodations, Refreshments, Transportation, Medical Staff, Water, table, chairs, flags, notice board)
  • Checking on the sponsors
  • Drawing Fixtures and layout of field
  • Rules and Regulations
  • Arrangement of Equipment and score sheets
  • Arrangement of Referees and Prizes
  • Direction to the stadium (Sign posts)
  • Briefing of Volunteers and staff
  • Decorations
  • Practice and warm up Area
  • Security
  • Photographers
  • Approvals License and NOCs
• Tournaments


  A series of games or matches played among players or teams to determine the winner.
• Knock-Out Tournament


  • Players or teams continue to play matches until they are defeated. Each match is intensive due to the fear of elimination.
• League or Round Robin Tournament


  • Each player or team plays matches against all other players or teams. This format is more comprehensive but takes longer time.
• Combination Tournament


  • Combines elements of both Knock-Out and League formats. Players or teams are first divided into groups and then the top teams from each group advance to a Knock-Out stage.
• Tournaments


  • Provide an opportunity to demonstrate skills, evaluate one's performance and motivate players to perform well
  • Attract people towards sports to make sports popular
  • Provide healthy entertainment
• Types of tournament formats

  • Knock-Out
  • League or Round Robin
  • Combination
• Knock-Out Tournament


  1. Player or team continues to play matches until it is defeated

  2. Players or teams have to consistently give their best performance to avoid elimination

  3. Saves cost and time

  4. Each match is intensive because of fear of elimination

  5. Fixtures are drawn on the basis of lots

  6. Good team can be eliminated even at the earliest stage due to getting defeated by chance or by accident
• League or Round Robin Tournament

  1. Player or team will play the matches that are allotted before the start of the tournament

  2. Fixed number of matches are given to players and teams

  3. Players or teams will get equal chance to play with each other

  4. True winner emerges from this format

  5. Ranking can be prepared for all participating players or teams

  6. Involves more money, time and facilities

  7. No provision of seeding for extraordinary teams and players
• Combination Tournament


  1. Combination of Knock-Out and League format

  2. Conducted when there are a large number of participants, participants are spread in different areas, venues are in different zones/places

  3. Some of the demerits of Knock-Out and League Tournaments can be eliminated
• Fixture


  Sports event or its date<|>Sports match that has been arranged for a particular time and place<|>Process of arrangement of the teams in systematic order in various groups for competitive fights for physical activity
• Bye


  A team is not required to participate in the primary round due to allotment of draws<|>Given to teams through random lottery system to avoid uneven distribution of teams, separate pooling of previous winners, or to avoid one team playing more matches on a single day than the other
• Seeding


  Process of placing teams in such a manner that good teams do not meet another team at an early stage of the tournament<|>Reduces the chance of elimination of good teams at an early stage
• Procedure for Drawing Knock-Out Fixture

  1. Determine the total number of teams

  2. Determine the total number of matches

  3. Divide the total number of teams into Upper Half and Lower Half

  4. Allot byes based on the difference between the number of teams and the next power of 2

  5. Allot byes in a specific order

  6. Write the serial number of participants, place byes, and place remaining teams through random lottery
• Procedure to Draw League or Round Robin Fixture

  1. Determine the number of matches using the formula n(n-1)/2

  2. Use Cyclic Method or Staircase Method to draw the fixture

  3. Determine the winner/merit based on points awarded for wins, draws, and losses
• Procedure to Draw Combination Fixture

  1. Follow the steps for Knock-Out and League fixtures

  2. For League-Knock-Out, conduct the league rounds first, then the knock-out rounds with the top teams from the league
• FIFA World Cup uses a combination of League and Knock-Out fixtures
• Intramural refers to a tournament conducted within the walls of a single institution/school/community
• Knockout tournament


  After losing a match, a team will be eliminated
• League tournament


  Teams play multiple matches
• Round Robin tournament


  Teams play against each other once
• Knockout tournament


  • Helps save time
• League tournament


  • Does not help save time
• Combination tournament


  • Helps save time
• Round Robin tournament


  • Helps save time
• Knockout tournament


  Teams are eliminated after losing a match
• League tournament


  Teams play multiple matches based on points table
• League cum knockout fixture

  Combination of league and knockout rounds
• Knockout fixture of 13 teams

  • Draw a knockout fixture