Ruminant Lecture

• Type


  The ideal or standard of perfection combining all the qualities that contributes to an animal's usefulness for a specific purpose
• Breed


  Animal of common origin and having the characteristics that distinguish them from the other groups of the same species
• Types of Cattle


  • Beef, Dairy, Dual purpose
• Beef Type


  • Animal bred or used purposely for meat production
• Dairy Type


  • Animal bred or used purposely for milk production
• Dual Purpose


  • Animal with innate capabilities for both meat and milk production
• Shorthorn


  Largest beef cattle, originated in Northeastern England, colour: pure white, pure red, roan, desirable traits: high milk production, efficient utilization of roughage, good temperament, rapid rate of gain in feedlot, undesirable traits: coarse, lower-quality carcass
• Sussex


  Originated in Sussex, Kent and Surrey, England, colour: red
• Hereford


  Originated in Herefordshire, England, colour: pure white hairs over the face, head, breast, top of the neck and withers, legs below the knee and hock, along the belly and udder and switch, remainder of the body being red
• Aberdeen-Angus


  Originated in Northeastern Scotland, same size as Shorthorn and Hereford, colour: black and hornless, sometimes white hairs on the udder may be present as well as between the udder and navel, desirable traits: cold tolerance, good mothering and milking ability, early maturity, little calving difficulty, high fertility, excellent-quality carcass, undesirable traits: lack of size, over-prominent shoulders
• Galloway


  Originated in Southwestern Scotland, size is below Shorthorn, Hereford, and Aberdeen Angus, distinguished from Aberdeen Angus by its long thick coat, colour: black and polled, desirable traits: excellent cold tolerance, hardy breed, excellent quality carcass, undesirable traits: not heat tolerant
• West-Highland/ Kyloe


  Originated in Western Scotland, smaller in size, have long coarse hair and long horns, colour: red, black, brindle
• Zebu Cattle


  Inferior in quality than the standard breeds, hardy and well adapted under the Philippine condition
• Brahman


  Originated in USA, resistant to ticks and other insects, colour: silver gray in color and dark shades in front and at the rear, desirable traits: thrives well under minimal management, heat tolerant, excellent mothering ability, resistant to adverse conditions such as disease and parasites, good for crossing, undesirable traits: not cold tolerant, late maturity, low fertility
• Nellore/ Ongole


  Originated in India, colour: white, bull have dark gray color on the head, neck, and hump
• Sta. Gertrudis


  Originated in Kingsville, Texas, USA, colour: cherry red in color, desirable traits: excellent beef conformation, heavy hindquarter development, excellent foraging ability, efficient beef production on grass, resistance to disease and insects, heat tolerance, and efficient feed conversion under feedlot conditions, undesirable traits: nervousness, late maturity, low reproductive efficiency, pendulous sheaths in bulls
• Beef Master


  Originated in Texas and Colorado, USA, colour: largely red in color, desirable traits: thick and beefy conformation, good growth rate, heat tolerance, insect and disease resistant, good mothering ability, undesirable traits: bad disposition, lack of thickness in hindquarters
• Brangus


  Originated in Oklahoma, USA, colour: black and polled
• Charbay


  Originated in Rio Grande, Texas, USA, colour: cream white in color, desirable traits: good mothering ability, rapid gain rate, resistance to external parasites and insects, undesirable traits: long, shallow bodies, too much length in legs
• Braford


  Originated in USA, colour: color markings are same as Hereford, desirable traits: tick resistant
• Batangas Ox


  Thick and short horn, colour: generally red in color
• Large Type Ilocos Ox


  Long and slender horn, colour: red, brown
• Small Type Ilocos Ox


  Colour: usually red in color with white spot on the lips and small areas above the muzzle and eyes
• Iloilo Ox


  Short horn, colour: usually black in color
• Charolais


  Originated in France, horns are directed sideways, colour: white, desirable traits: excellent muscling in loin, round and hindquarters, heavy bones, good mothering ability, rapid growth, high dressing percentage, cold and heat tolerant, undesirable traits: wide variation in the breed, difficulty in calving
• Afrikander


  Descendant of long-horned Zebu breeds, colour: red
• Bali


  Originated in Java and Borneo, colour: chocolate brown
• Stabilized Breeds and Strains from Crossbred Foundation

  • Brahman – Guzerat (predominant) X Nellore X Krishna Valley X Gir
  • Sta. Gertrudis – 5/8 Shorthorn X 3/8 Brahman
  • Indu-Brazil – Guzerat and Gir and other Zebu breeds, especially Nellore
  • Beef Master – 1/2 Brahman X 1/4 Hereford X 1/4 Shorthorn
  • Brangus – 5/8 Angus X 3/8 Brahman
  • Red Brangus – 5/8 Red Angus X 3/8 Brahman
  • Braford – 5/8 Hereford X 3/8 Brahman
  • Charbay – 3/4 - 5/8 Charolais X 1/4 - 3/8 Brahman
  • Drought Master – 3/4 - 7/8 Shorthorn X 1/4 - 1/8 Brahman
  • Murray Grey – Angus Bull X Roan Shorthorn Cow
  • Belmont Red – 1/2 Africander X 1/4 Hereford X 1/4 Shorthorn
  • Mandalong Special – Charolais, Chianina, Poll Shorthorn, British White, Brahman
  • Simford – 1/2 Simmental X 1/2 Hereford
  • Simbrah – 3/8 Simmental X 1/4 Brahman, not over 3/8 maximum of other breeds
  • Purebred Simbrah – 5/8 Simmental X 3/8 Brahman
  • Beefalo – 3/8 Bison X 3/8 Charolais X 1/4 Hereford
• Holstein-Friesian


  Originated in Netherlands, one of the largest breeds of cattle, colour: mixture of black and white patches, more white is present, desirable traits: highest milk production, lowest milk fat, good size, fast growth, good carcass, desirable for beef and veal production, undesirable traits: not heat tolerant
• Jersey


  Originated in Great Britain, smallest of the dairy type, preferred colour are cream and brown, desirable traits: large amount of milk fat, uniformity in type, yellow milk, undesirable traits: yellow body fat, undesirable for veal and beef production, not heat tolerant
• Polled Jersey


  Originated in Ohio, USA, same as jersey, except for the horns
• Guernsey


  Originated in Guernsey Island, England, medium size, colour: brown in color with white markings on the limb or the udder, desirable traits: docile, high milk fat and total solid contents, yellow milk, undesirable traits: yellow body fat, small size, undesirable for veal production, not heat tolerant
• Ayrshire


  Originated in Southwestern Scotland, horns are large, carried high and spread out with the tip turned slightly backward, colour: red, brown, and white, desirable traits: hardness, excellent grazing ability, style, symmetry, strong attachment of udder, smooth and clean dairy type body, undesirable traits: nervousness, fair rating for beef and veal, not heat tolerant
• Brown Swiss


  Originated in Switzerland, colour: brown, desirable traits: hardy animal, excellent grazing ability, large size, desirable for beef and veal, docile, large volumes of milk, high percentage of milk fat and solids, undesirable traits: stubborn, not heat tolerant
• Canadian/ French-Canadian


  Originated in Quebec, Canada, colour: bull is black in color with gray stripes around the muzzle, cow is black or dark brown with or without gray stripes around the muzzle
• Dutch Belted


  Originated in Holland, colour: black with broad white belt around the body
• Kerry


  Originated in Southwestern Ireland, colour: black with little white spots on the udder
• Dexter


  Offshoot of Kerry
• Australian Illawara Shorthorn


  Colour: prevailing color is red
• Red Sindhi


  Originated in West Pakistan, colour: red with white patches on the face and dewlap