Earth

• Thunderstorms


  clouds become electrically charged, producing lightning and thunder
• Tropical Depression


  up to 63km/hr winds
• Tropical Storms


  63-117km/hr winds
• Typhoons

  Pacific ocean origin (120-350 km/hr winds)
• Hurricane

  Atlantic Ocean origin (120-350 km/hr winds)
• Cyclone

  Indian Ocean origin (120-350km/hr Winds)
• Tornadoes


  small but about 500 km/hr
• Percolation


  the movement of water through the soil itself
• Evaporation


  the process that changes liquid into gas
• Condensation


  water vapor turning back into liquid water
• Precipitation 


  all liquid and solid water particles that fall from clouds and reach the ground
• Transpiration 


  water vapor being released from plants and soil
• Oxygen cycle


  an essential biochemical cycle to maintain the concentration and level of oxygen in the atmosphere
• Respiration


  process that release energy in the presence of oxygen
• Decomposing


  When plants and animals die, they decay this process uses up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide into the air
• Rusting 


  also use oxidation, this process causes metals to rust. a process which uses up oxygen
• Combustion


  the process by which fire is generated also requires oxygen, along with heat and fuel. this process also uses up oxygen and release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
• Carbon cycle


  It's vital for maintaining a stable climate and carbon balance on our planet
• Processes of Carbon Cycle

  1. Photosynthesis
  2. respiration
  3. exchange
  4. sedimentation
  5. extraction
  6. combustion
• Theory of Continental Drift 


  the theory of the movement of the continents relative to each other
• Who created continental drift theory?

  Alfred Wagner in 1912
• Glacial striations 


  scratches in rock caused by movement of glaciers
• Tillites


  glacial sediments buried in rock
• Theory of plate tectonic


  The theory that the tectonic plates move
• Pangea


  also known as supercontinent that existed during Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras; broke up into Laurasia in the north and Gondwanaland in the south during Mesozoic era
• Laurasia


  started breaking up into Africa, Australia, Antarctica, and South America during Mesozoic era
• Transform


  plates slide side-by-side against one another, causing earthquake
• Divergent


  plates move away from one another, forming mid-ocean ridges, creating young crust on the ocean floor
• Convergent 


  Plates move towards each other
• Oceanic-Oceanic


  two oceans subducted to each other forming volcanoes
• Oceanic-Continental


  ocean is subducted towards the mantle forming mountain ranges
• Continental-continental 


  neither plate is fully subducted forming tall mountains
• Magnitude


  size of an earthquake or energy released
• Intensity


  amount of damage
• Focus 


  an earthquake point of origin
• Epicenter


  the point on the earth's surface directly above the focus
• Igneous


  from lava; e.g. basalt, magma
• Metamorphic


  from other rocks that were change due to intense heat
• Sedimentary


  from sediments which were eroded to lower places