coordination and response part 3

• Hormone


  A chemical substance produced by a gland and carried by the blood which alters the activity of one or more specific target organs
• Endocrine glands

  • Adrenal glands
  • Pancreas
  • Testes
  • Ovaries
• Adrenaline

  Hormone produced by the adrenal glands in response to stress or danger, acts as a fight or flight hormone preparing the body for a rapid response to a perceived threat
• Fight or flight response

  1. Fight (using physical combat to overcome danger)

  2. Flight (running away quickly from a dangerous situation)
• Effects of adrenaline

  • Increased breathing rate
  • Increased heart rate
  • Increased pupil diameter
• Increased breathing rate

  Delivers more glucose and oxygen to the muscles and other vital organs quickly
• Increased heart rate

  Pumps blood more quickly and efficiently around the body, delivering more oxygen and glucose to the muscles and vital organs, and removing waste products like carbon dioxide
• Increased pupil diameter

  Allows more light into the retina so the brain gets more information, increasing visual awareness and alertness
• Adrenaline

  Increases blood glucose concentration to provide more glucose to the muscles for respiration, which produces energy needed for the body's response in a fight or flight situation
• Blood glucose regulation

  1. High blood glucose: Pancreas releases insulin, which stimulates the liver to remove excess glucose and convert it to glycogen

  2. Low blood glucose: Pancreas releases glucagon, which stimulates the liver to break down glycogen into glucose and release it into the blood
• Adrenaline

  Speeds up the conversion of glycogen to glucose in a fight or flight situation, providing energy for the body to use
• Glucagon

  Hormone released by the pancreas when blood glucose levels are low, which stimulates the liver to break down glycogen into glucose and release it into the blood
• Glycogen

  Insoluble form of stored glucose