Properties of Matter and Changes in Form

• Matter - anything that occupies a space and has mass. If you can see, touch, taste, smell, or feel it, it is matter
• A PROPERTY describes how object looks, feels, or acts.
• All properties of matter are classified as either physical or chemical
• A PHYSICAL PROPERTY can usually be observed with our senses
• Physical properties include:

  1. Color
  2. Size
  3. Volume
  4. Density
  5. Boiling point/Melting point
  6. Magnetism
  7. Solubility
• Color - quality of an object or substance with respect to the reflection of a light
• Size - an object's overall dimensions
• Volume - the amount of space of a substance or object occupies
• Density - ratio of mass and volume in a substance
• Boiling point/Melting point - temperature at which something boils or melts
• Magnetism - whether or not something is magnetic
• Solubility - how easily something dissolves in another substance
• Physical properties are broken down into two different categories: INTENSIVE and EXTENSIVE PROPERTIES
• Intensive property - do not depend on the amount of the substance present, for example, density. The density of a substance (at room temperature) is the same no matter how much substance you have
• Extensive properties - depend on the amount of matter being measured. For example, mass, length, and volume measures depend on how much of the object that you have
• Intensive property include:

  1. Color
  2. Odor
  3. Temperature
  4. Freezing point
  5. Melting point
  6. Boiling point
  7. Density
  8. State of Matter
  9. Malleability
  10. Ductility
• Extensive property include:

  1. Size
  2. Length
  3. Width
  4. Volume
  5. Mass
  6. Weight
• Chemical property - is any characteristics that can be determined only by changing a substance's identity, possibly through a chemical reaction
• Chemical properties include:

  1. Reactivity with other chemicals
  2. Toxicity
  3. Flammability
  4. Combustibility
• Reactivity - the likelihood of a substance that undergo a chemical reaction
• Toxicity - how poisonous or damaging a chemical substance may be to organisms
• Flammability - whether a substance will burn when exposed to a flame
• Combustibility - the measure of how easily a substance will burn in oxygen
• Physical change is any alternation to the size, shape, or state (solid, liquid, or gas) of a substance. The final changes take place without altering the substance's molecular composition
• Chemical change - occurs when matter changes into a new substance and has a new chemical property.
• Chemical changes DO alter the molecular makeup of the substance
• The final substance is not made of the same matter as before the change
• Precipitate - a new solid that is formed during a chemical reaction
• Mixing two substances that form a new solid, such as when ice-melting pellets (calcium chloride) combine with baking soda (sodium carbonate) in a solution to create chalk. That is a new solid, called PRECIPITATE
• Change in Energy - a chemical reaction that can be in the form of heat and/or light that releases energy
• A physical or chemical reaction that releases heat and energy is EXOTHERMIC. An example is making ice cubes
• A physical or chemical reaction that absorbs heat and/or energy to complete its reaction is ENDOTHERMIC. For example, boiling water, melting ice cubes