ucsp

• Cultural Variation


  Differences in social behaviors that different cultures exhibit around the world
• If human cultures modify the natural environment


  The natural environment initially shaped, and still shapes to some extent, the culture of society
• Cultural Variation Between Cultures

  Variation Between Cultures
• High Culture


  The set of cultural products, mainly in the arts, held in the highest esteem by a culture
• High Culture


  • Activities patronized by elite audiences, composed of members of the upper-middle and upper class
• High Culture


  • Classical music, opera, ballet, live theater
• Popular Culture


  A culture based on the tastes of ordinary people rather than an educated elite
• Popular Culture


  • Rock concerts, spectator sports, movies, soap opera, situation comedies
• Ideal Culture


  The way people describe the standard of behavior – the blueprint which provides the directions and guidelines in relating with others of doing things
• Real Culture


  How one behaves in an actual situation within the context of what may be regarded as acceptable by the other members of society
• Cultural Variation


  Differences in social behaviors that different cultures exhibit around the world
• If human cultures modify the natural environment


  The natural environment initially shaped, and still shapes to some extent, the culture of society
• Cultural Variation Between Cultures

  Variation Between Cultures
• High Culture


  The set of cultural products, mainly in the arts, held in the highest esteem by a culture
• High Culture


  • Activities patronized by elite audiences, composed of members of the upper-middle and upper class
  • Examples: Classical music, opera, ballet, live theater
• Popular Culture


  A culture based on the tastes of ordinary people rather than an educated elite
• Popular Culture


  • Activities, products and services that are assumed to appeal to members of the middle and working classes
  • Examples: Rock concerts, spectator sports, movies, soap opera, situation comedies
• Ideal Culture


  The way people describe the standard of behavior – the blueprint which provides the directions and guidelines in relating with others of doing things
• Real Culture


  How one behaves in an actual situation within the context of what may be regarded as acceptable by the other members of society
• The Japanese diet consists largely of fish, seafood and vegetables because Japan is an archipelago
• The sea provided consistent sources of food for Japan
• There is no room for grazing land for raising beef cattle in Japan
• Subcultures


  A segment of society which shares a distinctive pattern of mores, folkways, and values which differ from the pattern of larger society
• Subcultures


  A culture within a culture
• Subcultures have specific cultural traits that set them apart from the dominant culture
• Example of Subculture


  • Winter Solstice
  • Ovalparaiso (USA)
• Winter Solstice marks the onset of winter, at the time of the shortest day, about December 22 in the northern hemisphere and June 21 in the southern hemisphere
• Members of a folklore group present a ritual dance known as "tinku" during celebrations of the indigenous New Year
• From June 21 to June 24, the indigenous people celebrate the Winter Solstice and the renewing of the earth and its inhabitants in a ceremony referred to as "We Tripantu"
• Counter Culture


  A group whose values and norms place it at odds with mainstream society
• Counter Culture actively rejects dominant cultural values and norms
• In most Western countries, the 1960s saw the rise of different countercultural groups and social movements
• Countercultural movements that sought to dismantle inequalities

  • Civil Rights movement
  • Modern Feminist movement
  • Gay rights movement
• Paramilitary groups, militias and survivalist groups constitute countercultures as they reject the social changes that came out of the 1960s
• Paramilitary


  A semi-militarized force whose organizational structure, tactics, training, subculture, and (often) function are similar to those of a professional military
• Militia


  A military force that engages in rebel or terrorist activities, typically in opposition to a regular army
• Falun Gong is a spiritual movement active in China
• The Chinese government has banned Falun Gong
• Practitioners of Falun Gong are regularly imprisoned for advocating superstition and spreading social disorder
• Falun Gong constitutes a countercultural movement, seen as challenging established norms