ASAD (1)

• Information Technology


  Combination of hardware and software products and services used to manage, access, communicate, and share information
• Information Technology


  • Change is dramatic and continuous
  • Advances influence change in business organizations
• Systems analysis and design


  Step-by-step process for developing high-quality information systems
• Systems analyst


  Plans, develops, and maintains information<|>Manages IT projects, conducts meetings, delivers presentations, and writes memos, reports, and documentation
• System


  Set of related components that produces specific results
• Mission-critical systems


  Vital to operations
• Data


  Basic facts that serve as raw material
• Information


  Data transformed into output
• An information system needs these components: hardware, software, data, processes, and people
• Hardware


  • Physical layer of information system
  • Moore's Law: transistors on an integrated circuit chip double about every 24 months
• Software


  Controls hardware<|>System software manages hardware components<|>Application software supports day-to-day business<|>Horizontal, vertical, and legacy systems
• Data


  Stored in tables
• Processes


  Describe tasks and business functions performed to achieve specific results
• People


  Stakeholders: individuals interested in an information system
• In a typical payroll system, data is stored in separate tables that are linked to form an overall database
• Internet Business Strategies


  • Rapidly increasing globalization
  • Technology integration for seamless information access
  • Rapid growth of cloud-based computing and services
• Ecommerce (electronic commerce)


  User interface enables communication between a database management software and a web-based server<|>Mobile devices interact with the system using apps
• B2C (business-to-customer)


  Customers can do research, compare prices and features, check availability, arrange delivery, and choose payment methods in a single convenient session
• B2B (business-to-business)


  Ecommerce was initially carried out using electronic data interchange (EDI)<|>Most firms use supply chain management (SCM) software to manage inventory levels, costs, and suppliers
• Business profile


  Overview of a company's mission, functions, organization, products, services, customers, suppliers, competitors, constraints, and future direction
• Business process


  Specific set of transactions, events, and results that can be described and documented
• Business process model (BPM)


  Business process modeling notation (BPMN)
• A simple business model might consist of an event, three processes, and a result
• This sample uses business process modeling notation (BPMN) to represent the same events, processes, and workflow
• Enterprise computing


  Supports company-wide operations and data management requirements<|>Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems provide cost-effective support for users and managers throughout the company
• Transaction processing (TP) systems


  Processes data generated by day-to-day business operations
• Business support systems


  Provide job-related information support to users at all levels of a company
• Management Information Systems (MIS)


  Radio frequency identification (RFID)
• A single sales transaction consists of six separate tasks, which the TP system processes as a group
• Knowledge management


  Uses a knowledge base and inference rules<|>Knowledge base: large database that allows users to find information by entering keywords<|>Inference rules: identify data patterns and relationships
• User productivity systems


  Technology that improves productivity<|>Groupware: enables data sharing<|>Digital assistants
• Systems integration


  Combination of transaction processing, business support, knowledge management, and user productivity features
• Knowledge management


  Uses a knowledge base and inference rules
• Knowledge base


  Large database that allows users to find information by entering keywords
• Inference rules


  Identify data patterns and relationships
• User productivity systems


  • Technology that improves productivity
  • Groupware: enables data sharing
  • Digital assistants
• Organizational levels


  • Top managers
  • Middle managers and knowledge workers
  • Supervisors and team leaders
  • Operational employees
• Top managers


  Develop long-range strategic plans
• Middle managers and knowledge workers

  Middle managers provide direction, resources, and performance feedback to supervisors and team leaders<|>Knowledge workers provide support for the organization's basic functions
• Supervisors and team leaders

  Oversee operational employees and carry out day-to-day functions