Biology

• All living systems are composed of cells. They are the basic unit of structure and fuction in living things.
• Organelles - are structures with specific functions found within living cells.
• Nucleus – This organelle is arguably the most important structure in the cell because it serves as the control center in which individual functions of the other organelles are coordinated.
• The cell wall in plant cells and in some monerans and protests

  provides rigidity for support to the cells and a characteristic shape for functionality and structure.
• Mitochondria - this organelle is also called as “powerhouse of the cell”. It serves as the site where ATPs are abundantly synthesized.
• Chloroplast - this serves as the site of photosynthesis among plants and photosynthetic algae.
• Ribosome – this serves as the site of protein synthesis.
• Endoplasmic Reticulum – These organelles serve as channels or passageways through which materials are transported to the different parts of the cell.
• Lysosome – the structure is also called “suicidal bag” as it releases digestive juices
• Golgi apparatus – this serves for selection and packaging of cellular materials.
• The Cell Theory serves as the basis on which everything that we know about the cell is anchored.

  There are three elements to this theory;

  • All living things are made up of cells.
  • Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living systems.
  • All cells come from preexisting cells.
• Calorie - The unit of measurement of energy in a given amount of food.
• The protein shell of a virus is called? Capsid
• If your mass on Earth is 54kg, what is your weight on the moon? 88N


  Explanation

  
• What is the gravitational acceleration on Earth? $9.81m/s^2$
• What is the gravitational acceleration on the Moon? $1.62m/s^2$
• Answer: cells

  
• Analogous structures are found in organisms that do not have a common ancestor but always have similar or identical functions
• Answer: D

  
• Answer: D

  
• Answer: B

  
• Answer: A

  
• Answer: D

  
• Answer: A

  
• Answer: C

  
• Answer: D

  
• What are protozoa with no means of locomotion? Sporozoa
• A cross in which true-breeding plants differ in two traits is known as dihybrid cross.
• A red blood cell plasma membrane contains over 20 different types of protein.
• In plant, what part stores sugar as starch? Answer: D

  a.Leaves

  b. Roots

  c. Seeds

  d. All of the Above
• Answer: C

  
• Answer: A

  
• Answer: C

  
• A slippery outer covering in some bacteria that protects them from phagocytosis by host cells is called capsule
• Answer: C

  
• Answer: B

  
• (1) Genetics is the study of heredity and variation. (2) Heredity is the transmission of traits from generation to generation while (3) variation deals with genetic differences between organisms. The

  process mainly involved in heredity and variation is (4) cell division.
• Law of Dominance – state that only dominant alleles are expressed in the phenotype and that recessive alleles are masked among hybrids but are manifested among pure breeds.
• Law of Co-dominance – states that two equally dominant alleles are equally expressed in the phenotype and that no blending is achieved.
• Law of Incomplete Dominance – states that among multi-allelic traits, two dominant alleles that are not dominant enough to mask the expression of one another, are incompletely expressed in the

  phenotype, hence a blended trait is achieved.