Schaffers stages of attachment

• What was Schaffer and Emersons study?

  Studied 60 Glasgowerian babies for 18 months, mostly from skilled working  class families.

  Mothers/babies were visited once a month for 1 year and then again at 18 months.

  Parents asked to keep diary of observations.
• Give a strength and weakness of a longitudinal study

  strength-same children were observed and followed up regularly, eliminating individual differences as a confounding variable.

  weakness-families involved were from the samedistrict and social class means that the sample waslimited and could present little generalisibility. Different cultures havedifferent child rearing practise 
• Give an evaluation point in terms of external validity of the experiment

  Naturalistic observation-behaviour was studied in the environment where it most naturally occurs(parents taking notes within their own homes,own routines)

  -researchers were not present at the time- more natural experiment(generalised to real life settings)
• Characteristics of multiple attachment.

  Form secondary attachments with familiar adults with whom they spend time (e.g. father, grandparents)
• Characteristics of specific attachment.

  show stranger anxiety,primary attachmen to one particular individiual,show seperation anxiety.
• Characteristics of indiscriminatory attachment

  preference for people rather than inanimate objects,happier in presnence of humans than alone,recognise familar faces and use them as secure base.
• Characteristics of asocial stage.

  prefer faces to non faces, accept comfort from any adult,behaviour between noon objects and humans quite similar.
• What are the 4 different stages they proposed?

  Asocial,indiscriminate attachment,specific attachment,multiple attachment.
• What did researchers ask their parents to do?

  asked the parents to observe their children in differentcircumstances, keeping a diary and reporting to researchers.