Chapter 1

• Leisure


  Discretionary time, which is the time that remains after sleeping, commuting, working, undertaking personal tasks, and doing necessary household chores
• Recreation


  Leisure activities conducted in discretionary time, including home-based activities and those outside the home
• Categories of recreational activities

  • Taking place about the home
  • Having a high social content
  • Cultural, educational and artistic interests
  • Pursuit of sport, either as participants or Spectators
  • Informal outdoor recreation
  • Leisure tourism involving overnight stay
• Risk


  The chance of injury, damage or loss
• Risk management


  The identification, evaluation, and prioritization of risks followed by coordinated and economical application of resources to minimize, monitor, and control the probability or impact of unfortunate events or to maximize the realization of opportunities
• Levels of risk management responsibility

  • Direct activities
  • Indirect activities
  • Supported activities
• ISO is an independent, non-governmental international organization with an affiliation of 163 national standards bodies
• ISO 31000:2009, Risk management – Principles and guidelines, provides principles, a framework, and a process for managing risk
• Ten steps to risk assessment and developing a risk management plan

  1. Make a commitment as an organisation to risk management

  2. Identify possible threats and risks

  3. Assess the level of each risk

  4. Decide to accept or treat each risk

  5. Determine treatment options for all unacceptable risks

  6. Formalise your risk management plan

  7. Implement your treatment options

  8. Communicate information to everyone affected

  9. Review your risk management plan

  10. Identify any new risks and update your action plan
• Components of risk management (sport and recreation)

  • Physical injury
  • Wrongful actions
  • Property loss or damage
• Injury prevention relies heavily on understanding why and how people and organizations do the things they do
• Risk management practices are able to provide various positive effects on the quality and the welfare of society through sports and recreational activities
• The weakness of the aspects of risk management will result in bad and negative implications for the organization
• Legal concept and legislation


  The basic principles of law should be based on local legal concept and legislation. Law, policy, procedures and guidelines are among the methods to manage risk in sports and recreation.
• Risk management


  • Develop an awareness of legal liability among leisure services providers and aggressively take the lead in managing risk within their organization.
• Types of law


  • law of contract
  • statutes
  • tort
  • negligence tort
  • intentional tort
  • liability
• Sports law


  The regulation of sports which essentially governs disputes such as doping and match-fixing, to the contractual area of sports law, which includes issues arising from a player's contract or a sponsorship deal.
• Tort


  An act or omission, other than a breach of contract, which gives rise to injury or harm to another, and amounts to a civil wrong for which courts impose liability.
• Types of tort actions

  • negligence
  • intentional torts
  • strict liability
• Negligence


  • Occurs when a tortfeasor, the person responsible for committing a wrong, is careless and therefore responsible for the harm this carelessness caused to another.
  • Four elements: Duty, Breach, Causation, Harm
• Intentional torts


  • Require an intended act by a wrongdoer against another. Some intentional torts can also be criminal.
  • Examples: Assault, Battery, Trespass to Land, Conversion, Defamation, Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress, False Imprisonment
• Contract


  All contracts are in agreement. However, not all agreements are contracts. S2(g) & (h) only agreement enforceable by law is a valid contract.
• Elements of a valid contract

  • Offer & acceptance
  • Consideration
  • Intention
  • Capacity
  • Consent
  • Legality
  • Certainty
  • Formalities
• Contracts Act 1950


  The Malaysian Contracts Act 1950 (Act 136) sets out the legislative framework governing contracts in Malaysia. It consists of 191 Sections divided into 10 Parts.
• Categories of sports contracts

  • Contract of employment
  • Contracts of sponsorship
• Types of sports sponsorship

  • Title sponsorship
  • Event sponsorship
  • Broadcast sponsorship
  • Team & individual sponsorship
  • Official designation
  • Official supplier ships
  • Franchise
  • Display rights
  • Official programme
  • Product & character merchandising
  • Commemorative items
  • Corporate hospitality
  • Ticket and access to VIP areas
• Sports sponsorship


  Where the sponsor pays a sum of money (sponsorship fee) and/ or provides certain products, services, or other facilities (value in kind) to the sponsored party.
• Right of association


  Sponsor can promote the image of the sponsor, can describe itself as "official sponsor of the xyz event" in all advertising & promotional literature product packaging/labelling & merchandising materials
• Sports Development Act 1997

  Passed by the Malaysian Parliament to promote and facilitate the development, administration and registration of sports in Malaysia. Establishes the Sports Commissioner's Office and the Sports Advisory Panel.
• Key changes to the Sports Development Act 1997 in 2018

  • The introduction of the National Paralympic Committee
  • The Amendment of Section 12
  • Formation of the Sports Disputes Committee
  • The 'Evelyn Ang' provision – Section 36 Amendment
  • The abolishment of the Sports Advisory Panel
• Sports Development Act 1997 tax relief