Skeletal System

• Skeletal system


  Crucial part of the human body, providing structure, protection, and facilitating movement
• Parts of the skeletal system

  • Bones
  • Cartilage
  • Ligaments
  • Joints
• Bones

  • Axial skeleton (skull, vertebral column, rib cage)
  • Appendicular skeleton (limbs and girdles)
• Cartilage


  • Provides flexible support and reduces friction between bones in joints
  • Found in joints, ear, nose, and between vertebrae
• Ligaments


  • Tough, elastic bands of connective tissue that connect bones to other bones
  • Provide stability and support to joints
• Joints

  • Fibrous (immovable)
  • Cartilaginous (slightly movable)
  • Synovial (freely movable)
• Functions of the skeletal system

  • Support
  • Protection
  • Movement
  • Mineral storage
  • Blood cell production
  • Energy storage
  • Endocrine regulation
• The skeletal system is dynamic and continuously remodels itself to adapt to stresses, heal from injuries, and maintain its various functions throughout life
• Composition of the skeletal system

  • Bones (axial and appendicular)
  • Cartilage
  • Ligaments
  • Joints
• Bones of the axial skeleton

  • 80 bones (skull, vertebral column, rib cage)
• Bones of the appendicular skeleton

  • 126 bones (pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, limbs)
• Cartilage


  • Flexible connective tissue found in joints, ear, nose, and between vertebrae
  • Reduces friction and absorbs shock in joints
• Ligaments


  • Strong, elastic bands of connective tissue that connect bones to other bones
  • Stabilize joints and support internal organs
• Types of joints

  • Fibrous (immovable)
  • Cartilaginous (slightly movable)
  • Synovial (freely movable)
• Bone types


  • Long bones
  • Short bones
  • Flat bones
  • Irregular bones
  • Sesamoid bones
• Bone structure

  • Compact bone
  • Spongy bone
  • Periosteum
  • Endosteum
• Bone is a dynamic tissue that constantly remodels itself through the actions of osteoblasts (cells that build bone) and osteoclasts (cells that break down bone)
• When a bone is fractured, the body initiates a repair process that includes inflammation, bone production, and bone remodeling
• Understanding the skeletal system is fundamental to grasping how our bodies function, how they move, and how they protect vital organs
• Axial Skeleton


  • Skull
  • Vertebral Column
  • Rib Cage
• Axial Skeleton


  • Includes 80 bones
• Skull


  Protects the brain and forms the structure of the face
• Vertebral Column


  Protects the spinal cord and supports the head and body
• Rib Cage


  Protects the heart and lungs
• Appendicular Skeleton


  • Pectoral Girdle
  • Pelvic Girdle
  • Limbs
• Appendicular Skeleton


  • Consists of 126 bones
• Pectoral Girdle


  Attaches the upper limbs to the body (shoulder bones)
• Pelvic Girdle


  Attaches the lower limbs to the body (hip bones)
• Limbs


  Facilitate movement (arms, legs, hands, and feet)
• Cartilage


  Flexible connective tissue found in joints, ear, nose, and between vertebrae. It reduces friction and absorbs shock in joints.
• Ligaments


  Strong, elastic bands of connective tissue that connect bones to other bones, stabilizing joints and supporting internal organs
• Joints

  • Fibrous Joints
  • Cartilaginous Joints
  • Synovial Joints
• Fibrous Joints


  Immovable, like the sutures in the skull
• Cartilaginous Joints


  Slightly movable, like the intervertebral discs
• Synovial Joints


  Freely movable, like the shoulder, hip, and knee joints
• Functions of the Skeletal System

  • Support
  • Protection
  • Movement
  • Mineral Storage
  • Blood Cell Production
  • Energy Storage
  • Endocrine Regulation
• Support


  Provides a framework that supports the body's shape and form. It maintains posture and bears the weight of the body.
• Protection


  Shields vital organs from injury. For instance, the skull protects the brain, the vertebrae protect the spinal cord, and the rib cage protects the heart and lungs.
• Movement


  Works with the muscular system to facilitate movement. Bones act as levers, and joints function as pivots, allowing for a wide range of motion.
• Mineral Storage


  Stores essential minerals, particularly calcium and phosphorus, which can be released into the bloodstream as needed for various body functions.