Respiratory System

• Respiratory system


  Essential for gas exchange, supplying oxygen to the body and removing carbon dioxide
• Key parts of the respiratory system

  • Nose and Nasal Cavity
  • Pharynx (Throat)
  • Larynx (Voice Box)
  • Trachea (Windpipe)
  • Bronchi and Bronchioles
  • Lungs
  • Alveoli
  • Diaphragm
• Nose and Nasal Cavity


  • Filters, warms, and moistens air; contains olfactory receptors for smell
• Pharynx (Throat)


  • Passageway for air and food; aids in sound production
• Larynx (Voice Box)


  • Contains vocal cords; routes air and food into the proper channels
• Trachea (Windpipe)


  • Connects larynx to bronchi; lined with cilia and mucus to trap and expel debris
• Bronchi and Bronchioles


  • Air passages that branch from the trachea into each lung and further into smaller airways
• Lungs


  • Main organs of respiration; contain alveoli where gas exchange occurs
• Alveoli


  • Tiny air sacs surrounded by capillaries; site of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange
• Diaphragm


  • Muscle that aids in breathing by contracting and relaxing to change lung volume
• These components work together to ensure efficient breathing and gas exchange, vital for cellular respiration and overall body function
• Nose and Nasal Cavity


  Filters, warms, and moistens air; contains olfactory receptors for smell
• Pharynx (Throat)


  Passageway for air and food; aids in sound production
• Larynx (Voice Box)


  Contains vocal cords; routes air and food into the proper channels
• Trachea (Windpipe)


  Connects larynx to bronchi; lined with cilia and mucus to trap and expel debris
• Bronchi and Bronchioles


  Air passages that branch from the trachea into each lung and further into smaller airways
• Lungs


  Main organs of respiration; contain alveoli where gas exchange occurs
• Alveoli


  Tiny air sacs surrounded by capillaries; site of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange
• Diaphragm


  Muscle that aids in breathing by contracting and relaxing to change lung volume
• Inhalation

  1. Diaphragm contracts

  2. Rib cage expands

  3. Air is drawn into the lungs
• Exhalation

  1. Diaphragm relaxes

  2. Rib cage contracts

  3. Air is expelled from the lungs
• External Respiration

  1. Oxygen from inhaled air diffuses from the alveoli into the blood in the pulmonary capillaries

  2. Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveoli to be exhaled
• Internal Respiration

  1. Oxygen in the blood is delivered to the body cells

  2. Carbon dioxide from the cells is transported back to the lungs
• Sound Production

  1. Vocal cords in the larynx vibrate as air passes through them

  2. Pitch and volume are adjusted by changing the tension and airflow
• Olfaction (Sense of Smell)

  Olfactory receptors in the nasal cavity detect airborne chemicals, which are interpreted as smells by the brain
• Protection


  • Respiratory system filters out particles, pathogens, and pollutants using cilia and mucus in the nasal cavity and trachea
  • Sneezing and coughing expel irritants
• Nose and Nasal Cavity


  Filters, warms, and moistens incoming air. It also houses the olfactory receptors for the sense of smell.
• Nose and Nasal Cavity


  • Nostrils
  • Nasal septum
  • Nasal conchae
• Pharynx (Throat)


  Serves as a passageway for both air and food. It also contributes to sound production.
• Pharynx (Throat)


  • Nasopharynx
  • Oropharynx
  • Laryngopharynx
• Larynx (Voice Box)


  Routes air and food into the proper channels and houses the vocal cords, which produce sound.
• Larynx (Voice Box)

  • Epiglottis
  • Thyroid cartilage
  • Vocal cords
• Trachea (Windpipe)


  Connects the larynx to the bronchi and provides a clear airway for air to enter and exit the lungs. It is lined with cilia and mucus to trap and expel debris.
• Trachea (Windpipe)


  • C-shaped cartilaginous rings
• Bronchi and Bronchioles


  The bronchi are large air passages that branch from the trachea into each lung. The bronchioles are smaller branches that lead to the alveoli.
• Bronchi and Bronchioles


  • Primary bronchi
  • Secondary bronchi
  • Tertiary bronchi
  • Bronchioles
• Lungs


  Main organs of respiration where gas exchange occurs. The right lung has three lobes, while the left lung has two lobes to accommodate the heart.
• Lungs


  • Lobes
  • Pleura (a double-layered membrane surrounding the lungs)
• Alveoli


  Tiny air sacs surrounded by capillaries where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the air and the blood.
• Alveoli


  • Alveolar sacs
  • Alveolar ducts