Circulatory System

• Heart


  A muscular organ divided into four chambers: the right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle
• Heart function

  1. Acts as a pump to propel blood throughout the body

  2. Systole: The contraction phase, where blood is pumped out of the heart

  3. Diastole: The relaxation phase, where the heart fills with blood
• Arteries


  Thick-walled vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the body<|>The main artery is the aorta
• Veins

  Thinner-walled vessels that return oxygen-poor blood back to the heart<|>Major veins include the superior and inferior vena cava
• Capillaries


  Microscopic vessels where the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products occurs between blood and tissues
• Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)


  Carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and return carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs
• White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)


  Play a key role in the immune response, defending the body against infections
• Platelets (Thrombocytes)


  Essential for blood clotting and wound healing
• Plasma


  The liquid component of blood, composed mainly of water, proteins, electrolytes, hormones, and waste products
• Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide

  1. Delivers oxygen from the lungs to the body's cells

  2. Transports carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs for exhalation
• Nutrient Distribution


  Carries nutrients absorbed from the digestive system to cells throughout the body
• Waste Removal


  Transports metabolic waste products to the kidneys and liver for detoxification and excretion
• Regulation of Body Temperature

  Distributes heat generated by metabolic processes to maintain a stable internal temperature
• Hormone Distribution

  Circulates hormones from endocrine glands to their target organs and tissues
• Protection


  • The immune cells within the blood help protect the body from infections and diseases
  • Blood clotting mechanisms prevent excessive blood loss during injury
• Systemic Circulation

  Transports oxygen-rich blood from the left side of the heart to the rest of the body and returns oxygen-poor blood back to the right side of the heart
• Pulmonary Circulation

  Carries oxygen-poor blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation and then returns oxygen-rich blood to the left side of the heart
• Circulatory system


  Vital for sustaining life by facilitating the transport of essential substances and the removal of waste products
• Circulatory system


  • Plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis
  • Supporting immune function
  • Regulating body temperature
• Disruptions or diseases affecting the circulatory system


  Can have significant impacts on overall health
• Circulatory system


  Also known as the cardiovascular system
• Circulatory system


  Essential for sustaining life by ensuring the continuous circulation of blood throughout the body
• Components of the circulatory system

  • Heart
  • Blood vessels
  • Blood
• Components of the circulatory system

  • Each playing a vital role in maintaining homeostasis and supporting various bodily functions
• Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide

  1. Delivers oxygen from the lungs to the cells

  2. Transports carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs for exhalation
• Nutrient Distribution


  Carries nutrients from the digestive system to the cells of the body
• Waste Removal


  Transports waste products from the cells to the kidneys and liver for detoxification and excretion
• Regulation of Body Temperature

  Distributes heat throughout the body to help maintain a stable internal temperature
• Hormone Distribution

  Transports hormones from endocrine glands to target organs and tissues
• Circulatory system


  • Immune cells within the blood help protect the body from infections and diseases
  • Crucial for maintaining homeostasis
  • Supports the overall function of the body's organs and tissues
• Circulatory system


  Also known as the cardiovascular system, responsible for transporting blood, nutrients, gases, and wastes to and from the cells of the body
• Main parts of the circulatory system

  • Heart
  • Blood vessels
  • Blood
• Heart


  • Acts as the pump that drives the circulation of blood through the body
  • Has four chambers (right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle) that work in a coordinated manner to ensure blood flow
• Arteries


  • Carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the tissues of the body
  • The largest artery is the aorta
• Veins

  • Carry oxygen-depleted blood back to the heart
  • Major veins include the superior and inferior vena cava
• Capillaries


  • Tiny blood vessels where the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and wastes occurs between blood and tissues
• Blood


  The medium for transport<|>Contains red blood cells (carry oxygen), white blood cells (fight infections), platelets (help in blood clotting), and plasma (the liquid component that carries nutrients, hormones, and waste products)