Respiration

• Respiration - It is the reverse of photosynthesis and involves the breakdown of glucose and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and ATP (adenosine triphosphate). C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
• Electron Transport Chain - occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane (cristae). It receives electrons from NADH and FADH2 molecules generating a proton gradient. This proton gradient is then used by ATP synthase to produce ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. Produces 30-32 ATP (NADH and FADH2 > ATP and H2O)

  
• Krebs Cycle - occurs in the mitochondria, it begins with the oxidation of pyruvate and results in the release of carbon dioxide and the production of acetyl-CoA. Its product is ATP, NADH, and FADH2 molecules, which can be used to power cellular processes. Produces 2 ATP (Pyruvate > Acetyl CoA . NADH and FADH2)

  
• Glycolysis - occurs in the cytoplasm and involves the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, with the production of ATP and NADH. Produces 2 ATP. (Glucose > Pyruvate)