alcohols, carboxylic acids and esters

Created by

sarina

Cards (23)

what are alcohols ?
they are organic compounds with the hydroxyl (-OH) functional group
what is the general formula of alcohols ?
CnH2n+1OH
shorter- chain alcohols are volatile liquids at rtp
as the carbon chain increases in length, the solubility of alcohols decrease
why does the MP and BP of alcohols increase down the homologous series ?
as the molecular size increases, the intermolecular forces of attraction increase
what does alcohol combust to produce ?
carbon dioxide and water
write the word equation for oxidation
alcohol + oxygen from oxidising agent -heat-> carboxylic acid + water
write the word equation for fermentation of glucose
glucose -yeast-> ethanol + carbon dioxide
what is the chemical formula for glucose ?
C6H12O6
what are carboxylic acids ?
organic compounds with the carboxylic (-COOH) functional group
what is the general formula of carboxylic acids ?
CnH2n+1COOH
what is the solubility of carboxylic acids ?
all carboxylic acids are soluble in water
why are carboxylic acids weak acids ?
they partially ionise in water to form carboxylate ion and a low concentration of hydrogen ions
write the word equation for oxidation of alcohol by atmospheric oxygen
alcohol + oxygen from air -bacteria-> carboxylic acid + water
what oxidising agent is usually used for the formation of carboxylic acid ?
acidified potassium manganate (VII)
what are esters ?
they are organic compounds formed by the reaction of alcohols with carboxylic acids
what is the word equation for the formation of esters ?
carboxylic acid + alcohol -> ester + water
what is the catalyst for the formation of esters ?
concentrated sulfuric aicd
what bonds in the alcohol is broken during esterification ?
O-H bonds
what bonds in the carboxylic acid is broken during esterification ?
C-O bonds
esterification can also be known as condensation reaction
what is the general formula of esters ?
CnH2n+1COOCH2n+1
what is the ester linkage ?
COO bond