module 3

• Course Code

  ENG267
• Course Description

  Language Programs and Policies in Multilingual Sciences
• Module Title

  Multilingual Philippines
• The Philippines is known for its beautiful landscapes and diverse cultures. One of its most interesting features is its many languages—over 170 of them! Filipino and English are the main ones used officially, but there are also regional languages like Cebuano and Ilocano.
• These languages show the different identities of each region and are a big part of Philippine history and culture. They are used in daily life, schools, and help define what it means to be Filipino.
• Republic Act No. 10533


  The Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013 in the Philippines
• 1. 12 Educational System in the Philippines


  • Kindergarten is now a mandatory year of preparatory education for children aged 5
  • Elementary Education spans six years of primary schooling
  • Secondary Education is divided into two parts: Junior High School (JHS) covers four years (Grades 7 to 10), Senior High School (SHS) offers two years of specialized education (Grades 11 and 12)
• Goals and Objectives of K-12

  To provide quality education that equips students with essential skills and values, and to better prepare students for higher education, employment, or starting their own businesses
• Benefits of the K-12 System

  • Exploring Interests: The additional years in SHS allow students to explore their interests and choose specialized tracks like STEM, ABM, HUMSS, and TVL
  • Better Preparation: SHS graduates are more prepared for college or entering the workforce directly
• Challenges and Criticisms of K-12

  • Infrastructure and Resources: Some schools face challenges with infrastructure and resources needed to implement the K-12 curriculum effectively
  • Teacher Shortages: There have been concerns about having enough qualified teachers to handle the expanded curriculum
  • Financial Burden: Critics argue that the additional years may pose financial challenges for families, especially in covering expenses for senior high school
• Classroom Setup Examples

  • Interactive Learning: Classrooms are now more focused on interactive learning methods, encouraging students to participate actively in discussions and group activities
  • Specialized Tracks: In senior high school, classrooms are organized according to specialized tracks, allowing students to delve deeper into subjects aligned with their career goals
  • Practical Skills: Classrooms often emphasize practical skills and hands-on activities, preparing students for real-world challenges in their chosen fields
• DepEd Order No. 31, s. 2012


  Marked a significant milestone in Philippine education with the introduction of the K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum
• Implementation Timeline of DepEd Order No. 31, s. 2012

  The K to 12 curriculum started being implemented in School Year 2012-2013, beginning with Grades 1 and 7 in all public elementary and secondary schools nationwide. Private schools were strongly encouraged to adopt the same timeline.
• Curriculum Design and Enhancement under DepEd Order No. 31, s. 2012


  • Schools were granted the flexibility to enhance the curriculum to align with their specific educational goals, vision, and mission. This flexibility allowed schools to design their curriculum structures, define learning outcomes, determine learning areas and medium of instruction, allocate time for each subject area, and establish assessment methods and culminating activities.
• Role of Schools and Educators under DepEd Order No. 31, s. 2012

  • Educators were tasked with adapting teaching methods and materials, training and professional development, and collaborating with stakeholders to ensure a holistic approach to student development.
• Impact and Challenges of the K to 12 Curriculum

  • Infrastructure and Resources: Some schools encountered difficulties in acquiring the necessary resources and facilities to support the expanded curriculum
  • Transition Period: Adjusting to the new system required time and effort from both educators and students
  • Public Perception: There were initial concerns and misconceptions about the benefits and implications of adding two more years to basic education
• DepEd Order No. 31, s. 2013


  Serves as a pivotal guideline in the implementation of the K to 12 Basic Education Program, specifically focusing on Grades 1 and 2
• Medium of Instruction (MOI)

  • Mother Tongue as MOI: Subjects using Mother Tongue are Mathematics, Araling Panlipunan (AP), Music, Arts, Physical Education and Health (MAPEH), and Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao (EsP). The use of the mother tongue as the medium of instruction aims to make learning more accessible and meaningful for young learners.
  • Mother Tongue as a Learning Area: Teaching the mother tongue as a separate subject ensures that students develop literacy skills in their first language, which serves as a foundation for learning other languages and subjects.
• Philippine Classroom Context

  • Diverse Linguistic Backgrounds: The Philippines is known for its linguistic diversity, with over 170 languages spoken across the country. Implementing the mother tongue as MOI helps in bridging the gap between home and school languages, fostering better comprehension and participation among students.
  • Teacher Training: Teachers must be proficient in the mother tongue of their students. This requires targeted teacher training programs to ensure effective delivery of the curriculum.
• Introduction of Filipino and English

  Filipino is introduced in Grade 1 during the second quarter, and English is introduced in Grade 1 during the third quarter. This gradual language transition helps students adjust to these new languages without overwhelming them, leveraging their established literacy in the mother tongue to scaffold learning in additional languages.
• Philippine Classroom Context for Language Transition

  • Teachers need to employ strategies that support the transition from mother tongue to Filipino and English, such as bilingual teaching aids and contextual learning materials. Engaging parents in the learning process can provide additional support for students as they navigate multiple languages.
• Time Allotment (Quarterly)

  Mother Tongue: 50 minutes<|>Filipino: 30 minutes<|>English: 30 minutes<|>Mathematics: 50 minutes<|>Araling Panlipunan: 40 minutes<|>Music, Arts, MAPEH: 40 minutes<|>Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao (EsP): 30 minutes
• Implications of Time Allotment

  • Balanced Curriculum: The time allotment ensures a balanced curriculum where core subjects and holistic development areas like arts and physical education receive adequate attention.
  • Focused Language Development: By allotting specific times for Filipino and English, the policy highlights the importance of these languages in the national curriculum while maintaining strong roots in the mother tongue.
• Philippine Classroom Context for Time Allotment

  • Classroom Management: Effective time management within the classroom is crucial. Teachers must plan lessons that maximize the allocated time for each subject, ensuring that learning objectives are met.
  • Resource Allocation: Adequate resources and materials must be available for each subject area to support the diverse learning needs of students.