structure, and processes of the entire system, such as an organization, a single plant, or a multi-plant firm, or a department or workgroup
Based on behavioral science
knowledge and practice, including micro concepts such as leadership, group dynamics, and work design, and macro approaches such as strategy, organizational design, and international relations
Managing planned change
but not in the formal sense typically associated with management consulting or technological innovation, which tends to be programmatic and expert-driven approaches to change.
Creation and the subsequent reinforcement of change
It moves beyond the initial efforts to implement a change program to a longer-term concern for stabilizing and institutionalizing new activities within the organization.
