chest 1

• larynx and trachea

  A) thyroid cartilage

  B) thyroid gland

  C) parathyroid glands

  D) region of thymus gland

  E) level of T4 or T5

  F) trachea

  G) level of C6

  H) larynx

  
• bronchis

  A) right primary (main stem) bronchus

  B) level of T5

  C) position of carina

  D) left primary (main stem) bronchus

  E) carina

  
• lungs

  A) parietal

  B) pleural cavity

  C) pulmonary-visceral

  D) superior lobe

  E) fissures

  F) middle lobe

  G) inferior lobe

  H) superior lobe

  I) fissure

  J) inferior lobe

  
• lungs

  A) trachea

  B) thyroid gland

  C) right brachiocephalic vein

  D) apex

  E) fissure

  F) base

  G) diaphragm

  H) costophrenic angle

  I) heart

  J) thymus gland

  K) left carotid artery

  
• body habitus

  A) hypersthenic

  B) sthenic

  C) hyposthenic

  D) asthenic

  
• topographic landmarks

  A) sternum

  B) manubrium

  C) body

  D) xiphoid process

  E) thoracic vertebrae

  F) ribs

  G) inferior angle of the scapula / T7

  H) scapula

  I) clavicle

  
• topographical landmarks

  A) jugular notch

  
• what is the pharynx?

  upper airway

  posterior area between the nose and mouth

  above the larynx and esophagus

  passageway for fluid, food, and air
• where does the respiratory system start?

  larynx
• what is the trachea?

  fibrous muscular tube embedded with cartilaginous rings

  3/4 inch diameter

  4 inches long
• what are the bronchus

  a right and left

  the right is wider, more vertical, and shorter
• what is the carina

  ridge where bifurcation occurs
• what are the secondary bronchi

  divides into bronchioles

  the bronchioles divide into terminal bronchioles
• what are the alveoli

  they are on the alveolar sacs at the end of the terminal bronchioles

  500-700 million between both lungs

  where the gas exchange occurs
• parenchyma

  functional tissue

  light and spongy
• right lung

  3 lobes (superior, middle, inferior)

  oblique fissure

  horizontal fissure
• left lung

  2 lobes (superior, inferior)

  oblique fissure
• visceral pleura


  in contact with the lung
• parietal pleura

  in contact with the thoracic cavity
• pleural cavity


  space between the visceral and parietal pleuras

  filled with serous fluid
• what is the apex of the lung

  top
• what is the base of the lung

  bottom
• what is the costophrenic angle

  bottom outer corner of the lung that meets the ribs and diaphragm
• what is the cardiophrenic angle

  bottom inner corner of the lung that meets the heart
• what is the cardiac notch

  a space left for the heart to sit
• what is in the hilum

  bronchi

  pulmonary vessels

  lymph vessels

  nerves
• what is in the mediastinum

  thymus

  heart and great vessels

  trachea

  esophagus
• hypersthenic

  5%

  very broad and deep

  short torso
• sthenic

  50%

  average
• hyposthenic

  35%

  longer vertically and slightly more normal
• asthenic

  10%

  narrow side to side

  shallow front to back

  long torso
• what is the jugular notch consistent with

  thoracic vertebrae 2 and thoracic vertebrae 3
• what is the inferior angle of the scapula consistent with

  thoracic vertebrae 7
• where is the vertebral prominence

  7-8 inches superior of thoracic vertebrae 7
• what does inspiration do

  pushes the diaphragm down
• what does expiration do

  raises the diaphragm up

  elastic recoil
• why upright positioning ideal

  allows the diaphragm to move further down allowing a deeper breath

  easier to see air fluid levels

  prevent engorgement of the pulmonary vessels
• patient prep for a chest xray

  have the patient take everything off from the waist up including necklaces and put a gown on

  earrings are fine

  hair should be up and out of the light field

  insulin pump removed if applicable to policy
• radiation protection for a chest xray

  collimate correctly to the lung field

  shielding

  kVp greater than 100 for low contrast

  low mAs

  no grid if the kVp is between 80 and 90
• pediatric considerations for a chest xray

  usually supine

  restraint when appropriate