Philippine History of Nursing

• Enemy or Witch or Evil Spirits - believed to be the cause of illness and death.
• Priest-Physician (Word Doctors) - special gods of healing
• Herb Doctors (Herbolarios) - they used leaves or roots when curing
• Person suffering from disease without any identified cause were believed to be bewitched by the “mangkukulam/mambabarang/mangagaway“
• Herbicheros - meaning herbmen who practiced witchcraft
• Pamao - Difficult child birth and some diseases were attributed to “nono” or “tikbalang”
• Midwives - assisted in childbirth
• During labor, the “mabuting hilot”(good midwife) was called in
• Hospital real de Manila (1577) - First Hospital in the Philippine; built to care for the Spanish king's soldiers and Spanish civilians
• San Lazaro Hospital (1578) - built exclusively for patients with leprosy; founded by Brother Juan Clemente and was administered for many years by the Hospitalliers of San Juan de Dios; located at Roxas Boulevard
• Hospital de Indios (1586) - established by Franciscan Order; service was in general supported by alms and contributions from charitable individuals; for the poor people of the philippines
• Hospital de Aguas Santas (1590) - established in Laguna; founded by Brother J. Bautisita of the Franciscan Order.
• San Juan de Dios Hospital (1596) - Founded by the Brotherhood of

  Misericordia and administered by the Hospitalliers of San Juan de Dios; support was derived from alms and rents; rendered general health service to the public
• Josephine Bracken - wife of Rizal, installed a first hospital in an estate house in Tejeros; provided nursing care to the wounded night and day; helped rizal in treating sick people
• Rosa Sevilla de Alvero - converted their house into quarters for the Filipino soldiers, during the Philippine-American War that broke out in 1899
• Doña Hilaria de Aguinaldo - wife of Emilio Aguinaldo; organized Filipino Red Cross under the inspiration of Apolinario Mabini
• Doña Maria Agoncillo de Aguinaldo - second wife of Emilio Aguinaldo; provided nursing care to Filipino soldiers during revolution.President of Filipino Red Cross branch in Batangas
• Melchora Aquino (Tandang Sora) - Nursed the wounded Filipino soldiers and gave them shelter and food; took care of the wounded katipuneros
• Capitan Salome - a revolutionary leader in Nueva Ecija; provided nursing care to the wounded when not in combat
• Agueda Kahabagan - revolutionary leader in Laguna, also provided nursing services to her troops
• Trinidad Tecson - "Ina ng Biac na Bato", stayed in the hospital at Biac na Bato to care for the wounded soldiers
• Iloilo Mission Hospital School of Nursing (Iloilo City, 1906) - It was run by the Baptist Foreign Mission Society of America. In March, 1944, 22 nurses graduated; in April 1944 graduate nurses took the first Nurses Board Examination
• St Paul's Hospital School of Nursing (Manila, 1907) - Established by the Archbishop of Manila, the Most Reverend Jeremiah Harty under the supervision of the Sisters of St. Paul de Chartes. It was located in Intramuros and it provided general hospital services with free dispensary and dental clinic
• Philippine General Hospital School of Nursing (1907) - Anastacia Giron-Tupas, the first Filipino nurse to occupy the position of chief nurse and superintendent in the Philippines
• St. Luke's Hospital School of Nursing (Quezon City, 1907) - an Episcopalian institution; began as a small dispensary in 1903. The school opened with three girls admitted in 1907.
• Mary Johnston Hospital and School of Nursing (Manila, 1907) - started as small dispensary on calle cervantes (now Avenida); was called Bethany dispensary and funded by Methodist Mission for the relief of suffering women and children
• Philippine Christian Institute Schools of Nursing - a protestant organization of the disciples of Christ operated three schools of nursing
• First Colleges of Nursing in the Philippines:

  • University of Santo Tomas College of Nursing (1946)
  • Manila Central University College of Nursing (1947)
  • University of the Philippines College of Nursing (1948)
  • FEU Institute of Nursing (June, 1955)
  • UE College of Nursing (October, 1958)
• Malolos, Bulacan - was the location of the national headquarters of Filipino Red Cross
• Anastacia Giron-Tupas - First Filipino nurse to hold the position of Chief Nurse Superintendent; founder of Philippine Nurses Association
• Cesaria Tan - First Filipino to receive a Masters degree in Nursing abroad
• Socorro Sirilan - pioneered in hospital social service
• Rosa Militar - a pioneer in school health education and nursing education
• Sor Ricarda Mendoza - a pioneer in nursing education
• Conchita Ruiz - first full-time editor of the newly named PNA magazine “The

  Filipino Nurse"
• Loreto Tupaz - Dean of the Philippine Nursing; Florence Nightingale of

  Iloilo
• Albularyo – Quack doctor
• February 17, 1899 - establishment of the Philippine Red Cross
• October 15, 1922 - establishment of the Filipino Nurses Association
• Francisco Delgado - First president of the Filipino Nurses Association (PNA)