Module 11

• WILL


  Kant says, is the faculty of acting according to a conception of law.
• GOOD WILL


  The only thing that is good without qualification, the only unconditional good despite all encroachments.
• Categorical Imperative


  This expresses that action is needed for itself, objectively, with no other purpose.
• For Kant, only the categorical imperative is moral. It is the moral law.
• IMPERATIVE


  is a command that compels human, by virtue of their being rational, to act (universally and impartially) in precisely the same way.
• Human reason is therefore constituted by the search for necessary and universal good. KANT believes that the basis for the good lies in the intention or the will
• RIGHT


  is anything due to a person. is a moral power endowed to man to do or to refrain from doing something that which one maybe entitled of Right,
• This is due to human because a person possesses worth and dignity. Rights are necessary in human's life in order to live in harmony with other human beings.
• RIGHT


  is the legal or moral entitlement to do or refrain from doing something or to

  obtain or refrain from obtaining an action, thing or recognition in civil society.
• RIGHTS


  serve as rules of interaction between people, and, as such, they place constraints and obligations upon the actions of individuals or groups
• RIGHT


  also be defined as a moral power endowed to human by God to do or not to do that which is in consonance to one's own state of life.
• RIGHTS


  due to man because he is a person possessing worth and dignity.
• RIGHT


  is indeed a power, but it is only moral. This means that one cannot use

  physical force to enjoy a right.
• Essential Properties of Rights

  Coaction

  Limitation

  Collision
• Coaction


  is the capacity of right to forcefully prevent its violation, and to exact redress for unjust violation.
• Limitation


  is the natural limit or boundary of right, beyond which it cannot be exercised without violating the right of another
• Collision


  is the apparent conflict of the rights.
• Fundamental Rights of Man

  Right to life

  Right to Private Property

  Right to Marry

  Right to Physical Freedom
• Right to life


  is man’s highest right because without it, no other rights can be enjoyed.
• Right to Private Property


  is the acquisition and ownership of a certain good/s or properties.
• Right to Marry


  man may choose the kind of life one wants to pursue, especially in getting married and establishing a family But it involves the duty to support one's family and bring up the children.
• Right to Physical Freedom


  means the moral power of one to move freely. This connotes the duty to respect private boundaries.
• Kinds of Rights

  Natural Rights.

  Acquire Rights.

  Public Rights.

  Private Rights.

  Positive Rights.

  Negative Rights.

  Alienable Rights.

  Inalienable Rights.

  Perfect Rights.

  Imperfect Rights.
• Natural Rights.


  They are rights acquired by birth. Also called basic human rights.
• Acquire Rights.


  Those rights obtained by individuals after fulfilling some requirements as prescribed by law, e.g., acquisition of citizenship, right to suffrage.
• Public Rights.


  Those rights given to people by the ecclesiastical and civil laws.
• Private Rights.


  Those rights granted by private industries, institutions or organizations who have formulated laws in accordance with the civil law.
• Positive Rights.


  Those rights which confer upon a person the power to do certain things. e.g., right to marry, to possess wealth.
• Negative Rights.


  These are power of the person to refuse to perform negative acts. e.g., stealing, intoxication drinking, killing, etc.
• Alienable Rights.


  The rights that can be transferred or renounced, e.g., ownership rights, positive and negative rights.
• Inalienable Rights.


  The rights that cannot be transferred or renounced, e.g., religious rights or right to life.
• Perfect Rights.


  These are mandatory or enforceable by the law, e.g., right to collect payment

  from debt.
• Imperfect Rights.


  The rights which are not enforced by law or not juridical, e.g., rights to give tips

  to ushers.
• MORAL RIGHTS


  typically include the right to the integrity of the copyrighted work, the right to publish anonymously or under a pseudonym, and the right of attribution.
• RIGHT OF ATTRIBUTION


  means that an author or creator of a work is entitled to assert their authorship in the work in any situation in which the work is utilized, presented, reproduced or disseminated.
• RIGHT OF INTEGRITY


  means that no one can change your work without your permission, no one can destroy your work without first asking you if you want to take it back, no one can show your work in
• Moral right of infringement


  is when you have not been properly named or credited when your work is used.
• Legal Rights


  These are, clearly, rights which exist under the rules of legal systems or by virtue of decisions of suitably authoritative bodies within them.
• Utilitarianism,


  ACTION IS RIGHT if it tends to promote happiness and wrong if it tends to produce the reverse of happiness-not just the happiness of the performer of the action but also that of everyone affected by it.
• Types of Utilitarianism

  Act Utilitarianism

  Rule Utilitarianism