pH (neutralisation)

• If you wanted a fixed volume of HCl for an experiment, what is the best piece of apparatus to use?

  A volumetric pipette as it has greater accuracy that a measuring cylinder.
• How can you measure the pH of a solution?

  Using a pH probe or universal indicator and compare to a colour chart.
• What is a neutralisation reaction?

  Hydrogen ions reacting with hydroxide ions to form water.
• When measuring the pH change of the combination of two reactants why is it important to stir the mixture after the reactants are combined.

  To ensure a complete reaction and that the pH is consistent throughout the mixture.
• How could an experiment measuring the pH using universal indicator be improved?

  Using a pH probe to get an accurate reading.
• Ca(OH)2 can be added to HCL for neutralisation. How do you know that the HCl has been fully neutralised?

  The pH should be pH 7 - neutral.
• Ammonia solution is an alkali. What could be used to show it is alkaline?

  Universal indicator paper turns blue or high pH probe value around 11.