electricity

• cell


  one battery
• battery


  two or more cells together
• power supply


  provides the electrical energy (e.g. cell)
• a load


  when electrical energy is converted into other useful forms of energy (e.g. light bulb)
• conducting paths


  allows electric charge to flow around the circuit (the wire)
• 3 things that circuits need to have to work

  An energy source (battery or mains power), an energy receiver (like a light bulb) and an energy pathway (like a wire)
• For a circuit to work:

  For a circuit to work, it must have the loads connected in a conducting path that connects to both sides of the power supply
• Charge; symbol; unit


  A physical property whereby a particle can be either positive or negative. The symbol for charge is Q. The unit for charge is Coulomb (C).
• Particle with no charge


  A particle with no charge is neutral
• Current; symbol; unit; measured using.


  The rate of flow of charge. The symbol for current is I. The unit for current is Amperes (A). Measured using an ammeter.
• Charge (Q), current (I), time (T)

  I = Q / T

  T = Q / I

  Q = I x T

  
• Conventional current


  Electrons move and cause the current.

  Current: + (positive) --> - (negative)

  
• Electron flow


  - (negative) --> + (positive)
• Potential difference


  What pushes the charge to make them flow around the circuit.
• What is a conductor (give 3 examples)


  A material that allows electricity to flow through it; 3 examples: copper, aluminium, gold
• What is a insulator (give 3 examples)


  A material that does not allow electricity to flow through it easily; 3 examples: wood, glass, rubber, plastic.