anthro, culture, socio, polit

• antropos - human

  logos - study
• anthropology

  biologically - incquires on the genetic composition of humans, their relationships with other primates, and their evolution
• anthropology

  socially - inquires on human behaviors, attitudes and belief systems, which range from birth practices to burial rites
• 4 subdisciplines of anthropology

  archaeology, cultural anthropology, linguistic anthropology, physical anthropology
• archaeology - examines the remaines of ancient and historical human populations
• cultural anthropology - study of society's culture through their belief system, practices, and possessions
• linguistic anthropology - examines the language of a group of people and its relation to their culture
• physical anthropology - looks into the biological development of humans and their contemporary visions
• ethnographic - study that involves the collection of data about cultural groups or minorities
• key informants - individual in a society with significant knowledge on the topic being studied by the anthropologist
• participant-observation method - participation of the researcher on the daily practices and rituals of the group
• culture - everything a person learns as a member of a society
• culture is: everything, learned, shared, affects biology, malaadaptive, changes
• culture is everything - what a person has, does, and think. consists of material and non-material
• material culture - includes all the tangible and visible parts of the culture
• nonmaterial culture - includes all the intangible parts of the culture consists of values, ideas, and knowledge
• culture is learned - set of beliefs, attitudes, and practices that an individual learns through their family, school, church, and more
• enculturation - process of learning your own culture
• acculturation - constant interaction between societies, culture can be modified to accomodate desirable traits from other cultures
• deculturation - culture of the older generation comes into conflict of needs and realities of the younger generation
• culture is shared - set of behaviors, attitudes, and beliefs that a person possess is a part of a grater collection of values and ideas that is communally owned and practice by members of a society
• culture affects biology - humans are born into cultures that have values on beauty and body
• culture is adaptive - culture is a tool for survival that humans use in response to the pressures of their environment
• culture is maladaptive - culture can also cause problems for the people who subscribe to it. these problems arise when the environment has changed and culture has remained the same
• culture changes - it is never static. dynamism of culture is due to the changing needs of humans as they interpret and survive in their environment
• comparison theories on culture:

  cultural evolutionism, diffusionism, historicism, psychological anthropology, functionalism, neo-evolutions, materialism
• cultural evolutionism - all cultures undergo the same development stage in the same order; savagery, barbarism, civilization
• diffusionism - all societies change as a result of cultural borrowing from one another
• historicism - each culture is unique and must be studied in its own context
• psychological anthropology - personality is largely seen to be the result of learning culture
• functionalism - society is thought to be like a biological organism with all parts interconnected
• neo-evolutions - culture is said to be shaped by environment and technological conditions
• materialism - culture is the product of the "material conditions" in which a given community of people finds itself
• sociology - "scientific study of society, including patterns of cosial relationships, social interractoins, and culture" - Calhoune 2020
• sociological imagination - ability of sociologist to understand society systematically. process of detaching oneself from the common understanding of society and creates an alternative approach
• society - product of human interactions as humans subscribe to the rules of their culture
• august comte - society as a social organism possessing a harmony of structure and function
• emile durkheim - society as a reality in its own right, collective consciousness is of key important to society, which society cannot survive without
• talcott parsons - society is a total complex of huma relationships in so dar as they grow out of their actions in terms of mean-end relationship
• george herbert mead - society is an echange of gestues that involves the use of sumbols