3.3.6.1 Identification of functional groups

• Test for alkenes

  Bromine water
• Observation for alkenes

  If present (orange to colourless), not presents remains orange
• Test for primary and secondary alcohols

  Acidified potassium dichromate
• Observation for testing 1 and 2 alcohols

  Orange to green
• Test for tertiary alcohols

  Acidifed potassium dichromate
• Observations for testing tertiary alcohols

  Stays orange so no visible change
• Test for aldehydes

  Tollens or Fehlings solution
• Fehlings solution for aldehyde

  Bue to brick red precipitate
• Tollens solution for aldehyde

  Colourless to silver mirror
• Test for carboxylic acid

  Sodium carbonate
• Observation for carboxylic acid

  Colourless solution, fizzing, gas, bubbles in limewater and it'll go cloudy
• How do we oxidise alcohols

  Acidified potassium dichromate
• Define stereoisomer

  Isomer that contains same structural formula but atoms that are arranged differently in space
• Role of a hydroxide ion

  Electron pair donor, proton acceptor, lone pair donor