Managing and Caring for the Self

• Learning is a change in knowledge and behavior that arises out of our experiences.
• Five Points of Learning Process

  • It is active
  • It builds on prior knowldege
  • It occurs in a complex social environment
  • It is situated in an authentic context
  • It requires learner's motivation and cognitive engagement
• Learning is an adaptive function wherein the nervous system is changed by stimuli in the environment, creating behavioral responses that permits perople to function in the environment or society.
• What happens during learning?

  The brain and behavior changes.

  • The Nervous System manages the voluntary and involuntary body processess, especially during learning.
• Metacognition - "thinking about thinking"
• Metacognition is a learning strategy you used to understand and control your learning performance.
• Metacognition is a system wherein you are toatlly involve and aware of how you learn and what learning techniques or strategies meet your needs, evaluate how effective these strategies are for you, and implement the best plan of action for optimal learning.
• Aspects of Metacognition

  Self Appraisal - personal reflection on your knowledge and capabilities.

  Self Management - mental processess you employ using what you have in planning and adapting to successfully learn or accomplish a certain task.
• Processes of Metacognition

  METACOGNITIVE KNOWLEDGE is "What you know about how you think"
• Processes of Metacognition

  METACOGNITIVE KNOWLEDGE

  Variables that affect how you know as thinker

  • Personal variables - evaluation of your strength and weaknesses in learning
  • Task variables - what you know and what you think about the nature of the task and the task requires.
  • Strategies Variables - what strategies or skills do you already have in dealing with certain tasks.
• Processes of Metacognition

  METACOGNITIVE REGULATION - "How you adjust your thinking process to help you learn better."
• METACOGNITIVE SKILLS:

  1. Knowing your limits - be honest; have an accurate evaluation of what you know and what you do not know.
  2. Modifying your approach - recognition that your strategy is not appropriate with the task.
  3. Skimming - browsing over the material and keeping eye on keyword, phrase or sentence.
  4. Rehearsing - trying to make a personal interpretation or summary of your learning experience.
  5. Self test - testing the comprehension of your learning experience or skill you have acquired during learning.
• Metacognition OTHER STUDY STRATEGIES

  PRACTICE OVER TIME

  1. Practice Testing - any form of testing for learning which a student is able to do on his or her own.
  2. Distributed practice - distributing the learning over time, not cramming. Cramming will not help in retaining all information in memory. Highlight and undeline important facts.
• Metacognition OTHER STUDY STRATEGIES

  QUESTIONING and EXPLANING

  1. Elaborative interrogation - asking one's self why something is the way it is or a particular concept or fact is true and providing the answer.
  2. Self Explanation - the explanation might take the form of answering "why" but also other questions, as well as relating new information to information that is already known.
• Metacognition OTHER STUDY STRATEGIES

  PRODUCING SUMMARIES OF TEXT - it involves reading and comprehension of text. The ability to identify the most important information within it and to encapsulate it briefly in one's own words.
• Metacognitive Learners

  Tacit Learners - unaware of their metacognitive processes although they know the extent of their knowledge.
• Metacognitive Learners

  Aware learners - know some of their metacognitive strategies but do not plan on how to use these techniques.
• Metacognitive Learners

  Strategic Learners - strategize and plan their course of action toward a learning experience.
• Metacognitive Learners

  Reflective Learners - reflect on their thinking while they are using their strategies and adapt metacognitive skills depending on their situation.