Mary & Religion

• Mary’s Background

  • Mary had only accepted the Royal Supremacy of her father under duress
  • Cardinal Pole had encouraged her to view her life in terms of a divine purpose - to bring England back to Catholicism
  • Mary interpreted her initial popularity more as an endorsement of the Catholic faith
• 23 August

  an altar and cross were set up in St Nicholas Cole Abbey in London as Mass was said, the next day six more London churches followed, not out of commandment but devotion
• who was Mary’s most trusted English Advisor

  Gardiner
• Mary’s advisors

  • Gardiner was unenthusiastic about the return to papal supremacy
  • Charles V and Pope Julius III urged caution
  • for Phillip and Cardinal Pole, reconciliation with Rome was the priority
• Key events of 1553

  • August; protestant clergy deprived of their livings
  • September; Cranmer, Hooper, Ridley, Latimer imprisoned
  • Autumn; Parliament refused to repeal the Act of Supremacy, but passed the Act of Repeal
  • December; Mary gave up the title of Supreme Head of The Church
• Act of Repeal

  • Undid all Edwardian reforms
  • revived Mass
  • ritual worship
  • clerical celibacy
  • restored the church to what it had been in 1547 under the Act of Six Articles
• What country did the 800 exiles primarily go too

  • Germany
  • Switzerland
• March 1554

  • The Royal Injunctions were issued
  • ordered Bishops to suppress heresy, remove married clergy, reordination of clergy who had been ordained under the English Ordinal
• The Royal Injunctions Statistics

  • In the diocese of Norwich, 243 priests lost their posts , in Bath and Wells, 90
  • 10 - 25 % of clergy were deprived for having married, although some were reinstated
• What did the Second Act of Repeal do (November 1554)

  • Undid all anti-papal legislation
• what was Published in 1555

  Bishop Bonner’s Book of Homiles
• Who was the first Protestant Martyr in February 1555

  • John Rogers
  • A biblical translator
• The Twelve Decrees of The London Synod (February 1556)

  • Focused on Clerical discipline
  • specifically abuses like absenteeism, pluralism and heresy
• 1556 - Cardinal Pole

  • Pole argued with Pope Paul IV and was deprived of his position as Legate
  • He was consecrated Archbishop of Canterbury