Lesson 2: Local and Global Communication in Multicultural

• At the end of the lesson, you are expected to achieve the following learning outcomes
• Learning Outcomes


  • Describe the styles in communication considering various multicultural settings
  • Determine varieties and registers of spoken and written language
  • Adopt cultural and intercultural awareness and sensitivity in communicating ideas
  • Develop a sense of appreciation on the richness and diversity of registers used in written and spoken communication
• Communication style


  The choices people make and the strategies or tools they use in the process of communication
• Communication styles

  • Assertiveness level
  • Emotiveness level
• Assertive communication level


  Tend to tell or instruct others what to do
• Less assertive styles


  Tend to be on the receiving end, often asking for guidance, instructions or directions
• Expressive level


  Show real feelings and emotions through facial expressions, tone of voice, or language use
• Less expressive styles


  Tend to hide their feelings or exert effort for these feelings not to show
• Basic communication styles

  • Spirited
  • Considerate
  • Direct
  • Systematic
• Spirited communication style

  • High Expressiveness
  • High Assertiveness
• Considerate communication style

  • High Expressiveness
  • Low Assertiveness
• Direct communication style

  • Low Expressiveness
  • High Assertiveness
• Systematic communication style

  • Low Expressiveness
  • Low Assertiveness
• Tips for People with a Spirited Communication Style

  1. Respect decisions and agenda

  2. Limit sharing of personal anecdotes

  3. Allow others to contribute ideas

  4. Make requests clear

  5. Communicate appreciation for others’ work
• Tips for People with a Considerate Communication Style

  1. Recognize separation of opinions

  2. Realize comfort levels in discussions

  3. Allow others to open personal matters

  4. Respect your own opinion

  5. Treat others professionally
• Tips for People with a Direct Communication Style

  1. Listen carefully

  2. Allow time for chatting

  3. Recognize need for expression

  4. Acknowledge brainstorming

  5. Show appreciation for contributions
• Tips for People with a Systematic Communication Style

  1. Consider others’ feelings

  2. Ask qualifying questions

  3. Understand discussion background

  4. Ask questions to build rapport

  5. Explain benefits of information needed
• In a multicultural society, people must use culturally-appropriate terms, gestures, expressions and images in any communicative situation
• Language varieties


  Different variants of a language that can be sufficiently delimited from one another
• Language varieties classifications

  • Pidgin
  • Creole
  • Regional Dialect
  • Minority Dialect
  • Indigenized Varieties
• Pidgin


  A new language that develops in situations where speakers of different languages need to communicate
• Pidgin examples

  • Chavacano in the Philippines
  • Bislama in Vanuatu
• Creole


  A pidgin that becomes the first language of children or the mother tongue of a community
• Creole examples


  • Gullah
  • Patwa in Jamaica
• Regional Dialect


  A variety of a language spoken in a particular area of a country
• Regional Dialect examples


  • Cebuano
  • Waray
  • Ilocano
  • Hiligaynon in the Philippines
• Minority Dialect


  A variety used as a marker of identity by members of a particular minority ethnic group
• Minority Dialect examples

  • Sinama of the Badjaos in the Philippines
  • London-Jamaican variety in Britain
• Indigenized Varieties


  Spoken mainly as second languages in former colonies with multilingual populations
• A language register is characterized by the way a speaker uses language differently in different social circumstances
• Language registers classifications

  • Formal
  • Casual
  • Intimate
  • Frozen
  • Consultative
• Formal register


  Used in professional, academic, or legal settings
• Casual register


  Used when communicating with friends, close acquaintances, colleagues, and family members
• Intimate register


  Reserved for special occasions, usually between only two people
• Frozen register


  Historic language intended to remain unchanged
• Consultative register


  Used in conversations with someone who has specialized knowledge or is offering advice
• Language registers can also be classified as Formal, Informal, or Neutral
• Neutral language registers

  Non-emotional and laden with facts
• The use of one or a combination of these registers highly depends on the audience and the context
• Using the proper registers shows respect, interest, and professionalism