nitrogen cmpds

• ammonia is not an amine
• N atom in amines are sp3 hyb
• teitiary mines do not intermolecular H bonds
• secondary amine less polar than primary thus have weaker pdpd
• amines have higher bl than alkanes of similar e cloud size (idid vs h bonds)
• amines lower bp than alcohols of sim s cloud size 


  N atom less e- neg than O atom, N-H bond less polar than O-H bond, thus N-H to N hydrogen bond weaker than O-H to O hydrogen bond
• amine basicity depends on availability of lp e- on N atom to form dative covalent bond, with a proton

  any factor that increases e- density on N atom increases basicity of amine, vice versa
• amine: protonation amides: hydrolysis
• hydrolysis of amide: (cleave co nh) c=o portion add oh, n-h portion add H


  c=o products depend on medium (basic/acidic)

  n-h pdt same
• amides are neutral


  orbital containing lp e- on N atom overlaps w pi e cloud of adjacent c=o bond, lp e- delocalised, not avail for coordination with proton
• zwitterion


  electrically neutral molecule w opp charged ends
• amino acids are less acidic than most CA, less basic than most amines
• n no. of a.a form n-1 peptide bonds
• drawing peptides

  N terminal with free NH3+ on LEFT

  C terminal with free COO- on RIGHT