investigation

• a microscope is a device that magnifies and focuses light to allow us to see tiny objects
• cells are the basic building blocks of all living things and are the basic units of life
• mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells
• tissues are many cells in clusters that are similar to each other make tissues of the body. the cells of tissues work together to perform a function.
• cells are made up of tiny structures called organelles
• animal cells consist of:

  cell membrane

  cytoplasm

  nucleus

  mitochondria
• what is a cell membrane?

  the boundary around the cell is called the cell membrane. this membrane controls what goes into and comes out of the cell.
• what does the cytoplasm do?

  it is the cellular material found between the cell membrane and the nuclear membrane.

  its composed of both organelles and cytosol (but not the nucleus) and it is where life activities are carried out.

  cytosol is the fluid component of cytplasm
• a nucleus controls the functioning of the cell. its surrounded by a nuclear membrane and contains DNA.
• a mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell and generates most of the cells supply of energy.
• plant cells are also made up of cells, but they look a little different to animal cells.
• plant cells consist of:

  • cell wall
  • chloroplasts
  • vacuoles
  • mitochondria
  • nucleus
  • cell membrane
  • cytoplasm
• a cell wall is...

  the boundary surrounding the cell membrane.

  made of cellulose.

  gives protection, support and shape to a cell.
• what is a chloroplast?

  the food producers of plant cells. contains a green substance called chlorophyll. chlorophyll captures energy from sunlight (involves photosynthesis)
• vacuoles are large spaces inside the cell which store food, waste or water.
• list the parts of a microscope:

  • arm
  • base
  • body tube
  • coarse focus adjustment
  • diaphragm
  • ocular
  • fine focus adjustment
  • high-power objective
  • inclination point
  • low-power objective
  • mirror (light source)
  • revolving nose piece
  • stage
  • stage clips
• photosynthesis is a process by which plants make their own food.
• photosynthesis is where plants store the energy of sunlight and covert it into sugars and starch (food). it requires sunlight, water and carbon dioxide. it occurs in the leaves of plants in organelles called chloroplasts.
• the chemical equation is CO2 + H2O → C6H12O6 + O2
• to calculate the magnification, you times the ocular lens by the objective lens (e.g. 10 x 4 = 40 x)
• stains: stains cells/tissues as most are colourless. plant cells - potassium iodide (yellow/brown), animal cells - methylene blue (stains nucleus)
• arm - this attaches the eyepiece and body tube to the base
• base - this supports the microscope
• body tube - the tube that supports the eyepiece
• coarse focus adjustment - a knob that makes large adjustments to the focus as it alters the distance between the object being viewed and objective lens to bring the object into view.
• organelles are the things in a cell.
• what is aerobic cellular respiration?

  it is the chemical reaction of glucose + oxygen that releases water + carbon dioxide + energy.