occur when an error is caused by a predictable cause; therefore the error is consistent.
Instrumental Errors
Errors that occur because of a faulty measuring instrument or variation between multiple instruments, are a prime example of this.
Negligent Errors
Sometimes called gross errors, happen when the operator of the measuring device is at fault. Human errors are identified with this error type.
Random Errors
Are often fleeting, and may not be attributed to a singular cause.
A specific example would be parallax error, or the error that happens in measuring devices with pointers when it seems to indicate a different reading due to the line of sight of the operator
Absolute Error
The difference between the measured value and the actual value where va is the actual value recorded, and ve is the expected value.
| Va - Ve |
Relative Error
Ratio of the absolute error to the expected value
| va - ve | / Ve
Percent Error
Percentage form of relative error (i.e., multiply relative error by 100%)
