LESSON 1_CHEM

• LESSON 1: MATTER AND ITS PROPERTIES
• Gas


  Made up of particles that are far apart from each other
• Solid


  Made up of particles which are compact
• Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space
• Atom


  A particle of matter that uniquely defines a chemical element
• Molecule


  A group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction
• Ion


  Atoms or molecules that carry an electric charge
• States of Matter


  • Solid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
  • Plasma
  • Bose-Einstein Condensates
• Solid (state of matter)


  Closely packed; restricted motion
• Liquid (state of matter)


  Far apart; free movement
• Gas (state of matter)


  Very far apart; very free (chaotic) movement
• Properties of Matter


  • Physical Properties
  • Chemical Properties
• Physical Properties


  No change in composition takes place during the determination of properties
• Chemical Properties


  A change in composition occurs during determination of properties
• Types of Properties of Matter

  • Extensive Properties
  • Intensive Properties
• Extensive Property


  Change their value when amount of matter or substance is changed
• Intensive Properties


  Do not change their value when amount of matter is changed
• Ways of Classifying Matter

  • Pure Substances
  • Mixture
• Pure Substances


  Composed of only one component
• Mixture


  Composed of several components
• Classification based on number of atoms


  • Elements
  • Compounds
• Elements


  Pure substances that are made up of only one kind of atom
• Compounds


  Pure substances made up of two or more kinds of atoms
• Classification based on uniformity of composition

  • Homogeneous Mixture
  • Heterogeneous Mixture
• Homogeneous Mixture


  Has a uniform composition and exhibits the same properties in different parts of the mixture
• Heterogeneous Mixture


  Has a non-uniform composition and its properties vary in different parts of the mixture
• Activity 1: Constructing a Diagram
• Evaluation: Read and analyze the following questions carefully
• Next Lesson: SIMPLE SEPARATION TECHNIQUES
• States of Matter


  • SOLID
  • LIQUID
  • GAS
• SOLIDS


  • Molecules are very close to each other
  • Have definite shape
  • Have definite volume
• LIQUIDS


  • Molecules are loosely held with each other
  • Have indefinite shape
  • Have definite volume
• GASES


  • Molecules are far apart
  • Have indefinite shape
  • Have indefinite volume
• Pure substance


  A material with a constant composition
• Types of mixtures


  • Homogeneous
  • Heterogeneous
• Homogeneous mixture


  • Components are evenly distributed
• Heterogeneous mixture


  • Components are not evenly distributed
• Properties of substances


  • Density
  • Melting point
  • Electrical conductivity
  • Thermal Conductivity
  • Solubility
  • Strength
  • Hardness
  • Elasticity
  • Flexibility
  • Transparency
  • Mass
  • Volume
  • Length
• Filtration


  1. Solvent soaks up paper

  2. Carries mixtures with it

  3. Different components move at different rates

  4. Separates the mixture out
• Centrifugation


  1. Separating molecules by density

  2. Spinning in solution

  3. Around an axis

  4. At high speed