adaptation to the environment

• all organisms must be adapted to the range of abiotic and biotic conditions that exist in their habitat if they are to survive . species become better adapted through processes that involve the production of new characteristics by random mutations . followed by natural selection which gives a increased chance of survival to better adapted individuals .
• There is a range of tolerance within which organisms can survive . This means that for any specific condition or factor most organisms survive within a relatively narrow range . Non-adapted individuals would die and the adapted ones would survive and grow a population perfect for survival . 
• Abiotic factors :

  Genetic diversity within the gene pool often means that survival declines when conditions become less suitable.

  Important abiotic factors that affect species distribution include :

  • Light
  • Ph
  • Water
  • Mineral nutrients
• biotic factors :

  The survival of a particular species may depend upon the presence or absence of other species .

  Important biotic factors that affect species distribution are :

  • food supply
  • pollination
  • seed dispersal
  • disease