Organic chemistry

• What are products made from crude oil?

  Plastics, petrol, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics
• Where is crude oil found?

  Rocks
• What does finite resource mean?

  product will eventually run out is being used faster than it is being replaced
• How is crude oil formed?

  Formed over millions of years ago from remains of plankton which were buried in mud
• What is crude oil a mixture of?

  Hydrocarbons
• What is a hydrocarbon?

  Molecules made up of only hydrogen and carbon atoms
• What is this?

  Methane

  
• What is this?

  Ethane

  
• What is the general formula of alkanes?

  CnH2n+2
• What are alkanes?

  Saturated molecules
• what is a saturated molecule?

  Molecule where carbon atoms are fully bonded to the hydrogen atoms
• What are the first four alkanes?

  Methane, Ethane, Propane, Butane
• What is viscosity?

  How thick fluid is
• Would fluids with high viscosity flow slowly or quickly?

  Slowly
• What happens to the viscosity as the size of the hydrocarbon increase?

  Molecules more viscous
• What is flammability?

  How easy hydrocarbon combusts
• what are short chain hydrocarbons in terms of flammability?

  extremely flammable
• How does flammability change as the hydrocarbon size increases?

  Flammability decreases
• What is the boiling point?

  Temperature at which liquid turns into gas
• What type of boiling points do short chain hydrocarbons have?

  Low boiling points
• What are methane, ethane, propane and butane at room temp?

  Gases, have boiling points lower than room temperature
• What happens to the boiling point as the size of the hydrocarbon increases?

  boiling point increases
• What do ships, planes and cars all run on?

  Hydrocarbon fuels
• What do hydrocarbon fuels release when they are combusted?

  Energy
• What happens to the carbon and Hydrogen when combusted?

  Carbon and hydrogen oxidised
• What are the products of complete combustion of hydrocarbons?

  Carbon dioxide and water
• What is complete combustion?

  when supply of oxygen unlimited
• What is the word equation for the combustion of hydrocarbons?

  Hydrocarbon + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water
• How is crude oil separated?

  Fractional distillation crude oil separated into fractions. Fractions contain hydrocarbons with similar number of carbon atoms
• Process of fractional distillation?

  crude oil heated to high temperature. Crude oil boils and Hydrocarbons evaporate into gas. Crude oil vapour fed into fractionating column. Column hotter at bottom cooler at top.Hydrocarbon vapours rise up column. Hydrocarbons condense when reach boiling point, liquid fractions removed. Remaining hydrocarbons move up column condense into liquid when reach boiling points. Long chain hydrocarbons removed at bottom of column, short chained hydrocarbons removed at top
• What are examples of fractions that are used as fuels?

  Petrol and diesel, kerosene, heavy fuel oil, liquified petroleum gas
• What is kerosene used for?

  jet fuel
• What is heavy fuel oil used for?

  Powers ships
• What is liquified petroleum gas used for?

  Camping stoves
• What does feedstock mean?

  Chemical used to make other chemicals
• What are some fractions used for?

  Feedstock for the petrochemical industry e.g. Solvents, lubricants, detergents, polymers
• What is cracking?

  Long chain alkane is broken down to produce smaller more useful molecules
• What are the two conditions for cracking?

  Catalytic cracking, steam cracking
• What is used in catalytic cracking?

  High temperature and catalyst
• What is used in steam cracking?

  High temperature and steam