Plant tissues

• Permanent tissues


  They have a particular structure and role in the plant. Structurally specialised to perform a specific task
• Mersitematic 


  Activity dividing by mitosis to form new cells
• Epidermis


  Lines in the surface of roots and stems

  Protect plant organs

  Permanent tissue , made up of a single layer of cells, cells are thin walled and bricked
• Chlorenchyma 


  Permanent tissue

  Found in leaves

  Contains chlorophyll for the manufacturing of organic compounds
• Apical meristem


  Tips of roots and stem

  Meristematic tissue

  Produce new cells for growth of plant
• Lateral meristem 


  Between xylem and phloem

  Produce new cells for growth, repair and replacement
• Xylem


  Found in roots stems and leaves

  Transports water minerals around the plant. Xylem vessels are cylindrical, cell walls that are thickened by lignin. They are perforated, dead cells
• Phloem


  Roots stems and leaves

  Transports manufactured food from leaves to all parts of plant. Sieve tubes and companion cells. Sieve tubes have no nuclei, perforated, elongated cell, thin walled. Companion cells have nuclei, attached to Sieve tubes, they control Sieve tubes
• Collenchyma


  Found in stems and leaves

  Provides strength and support to the aerial parts of the plant. Made up of thick walled closely packed
• Parenchyma 


  Found between tissue and stems

  Store food in the form of starch

  Packing tissue. Made of thin walled irregular shaped
• Sclerenchyma 


  Found in leaves, fruits, root and stem

  Provide mechanical support. Stone cells and fibres. Made up of thick cell walls packed with lignin and they are
• Anatomy of dicotyledonous plants(root)

  Anchor plant into the soil, absorb water and nutrients from soil
• Function of stem

  Transport water and mineral salts from the root to the leaf

  Transport organic substances from the leaf to the rest of the plant
• The epidermis

  the epidermis is thin and transparent so that sunlight can pass through. The lower surface of the epidermis has specialized cells called stoma, which consists of a guard cells that open and close stomata pores
• The mesophyll

  They are two types of mesophyll cells which are palisade and spongy mesophyll. Palisade mesophyll cells are thin walled parenchyma cells that are situated below the upper epidermis and contain many chloroplasts for the absorption of sunlight for photosynthesis. Spongy mesophyll cells are round parenchyma that have intercellular spaces and air chambers that allow for gases to diffuse easily, they have less chloroplasts than the palisade cell.
• Vascular bundles

  vascular bundles consist of phloem and xylem. Xylem carries water from the roots up to the stem and into the leaves where it is needed for mesophyll tissues for photosynthesis. Phloem carries food that is made by photosynthesis down to the rest of the plant.