LIfe processes of microorganisms

• Microorganisms are organisms that are not visible to the naked eye – Need a microscope to capture it.
• Organisms → a living thing that can function on its own 
• Slime Capsule: Protect the cell, and causes a slimy effect
• Cell wall: Rigid, and it is there to protect and shape the cell
• Cell membrane - controls what goes in and out
• Cytoplasm - Where chemical reactions occur, and contain mostly enzymes
• Genetic Material - DNA ( Nucleiod/Nucleus and Plasmids)
• Flagella/Flagellum - Moving bacteria around
• um = single
• a = plural (suffix)
• Di = 2
• Strep = chain
• Staphy = Clump
• Bacillus = rod shaped
• Vibro = Comma shaped
• Cocci = Round/Spherical
• Spirillum = Spiral
• How to Grow Bacteria

  1. Get a STERILE agar plate
  2. INNOCULATE plate using a sterile swab that has been wiped across the chosen surface
  3. Seal plate closed - Never reopen the plate
  4. INCUBATE plate at 25 Celsius and is upside down for 24 -48 hrs
  5. INCINERATE plates when finished
• SAFETY: 25 Celsius to stop bacteria growing dangerous to humans (35 or above)
• SAFETY: Upside-down to prevent condensation from dropping on the colonies, and disturbing their growth.
• Will need 24 hrs + for colonies visible to naked eye
• Reproduction: Bacteria asexually reproduce by binary fission
• Reproduction: Fungi reproduce asexually and sexually spores in both cases.
• Binary fission is the process by which bacteria divide into two new bacteria. ( Mitosis)
• All living organisms need to excrete waste - if not the excess material in organisms bodies will become dangers to them
• Autographic feeding on oneself
• Heterotrophs - need other nutrient from organic material in environment
• The microbe environment and affected by BIOTIC factors and ABIOTIC factors.
• Biotic factors - competition, predation, symbolic relationships
• Abiotic factors - temp, oxygen, pH, light, nutrient availability
• Basic Structure of Bacteria

  A) Nucleoid (DNa)

  B) Flagellum

  C) Plasmid

  D) Cytoplasm

  E) Pillus

  F) Ribosomes

  G) Slime Capsule

  H) Cell Wall

  I) Plasma Membrane

  
• Bacteria will sometimes remain dormant until they have reached a favourable environment.
• Enzymes are complex proteins that speed up RoR - Biological catalyst.
• When temp approaches the optimum temp, enzyme reactions proceed at a faster rate and the growth rate increases. - Above certain temp they denature (40)
• Aerobic respiration is with oxygen
• Anaerobic respiration is without oxygen
• Aerobic Respiration Bacteria 


  Sugar + Oxygen -> CO2 + H2O + lots of energy
• Anaerobic respiration Bacteria


  Sugar -> lactic acid + CO2 + little energy
• Aerobic respiration: Fungi 


  Sugar + Oxygen -> Carbon dioxide + water + lots of energy
• Anaerobic respiration: Fungi 


  Sugar -> Alcohol + CO2 + Little energy