Earth and Life Science

• Lithosphere

  • From the crust down to the rigid upper mantle
• Asthenosphere

  • The plastic-like upper mantle where rock can easily move
• 1. Divergent
  2. Convergent
  3. Transform

  A) 1
• Layers of the Atmosphere (Bottom to top)

  1. Troposphere
  2. Stratosphere
  3. Mesosphere
  4. Thermosphere
  5. Ionosphere
  6. Exosphere
• Troposphere

  • Lowest layer, where nearly all weather occurs and clouds appear
• Stratosphere

  • Where the ozone layer is located
• Mesosphere

  • Where meteors heat up
• Thermosphere

  • Where high-energy X-Rays and UV radiation from the sun are absorbed
• Ionosphere

  • Series of regions in parts of the mesosphere and thermosphere
• Exosphere

  • The "final frontier" of Earth's gaseous envelope
• Composition of Atmosphere:

  Nitrogen - 78%

  Oxygen - 21%

  Carbon Dioxide - 0.04%

  Argon - 0.9%

  All other gases - 0.06%
• Barometer

  • Used to measure air pressure
• Anemometer

  • Used to measure wind speed
• Hygrometer

  • Used to measure humidity
• Wind Vane

  • Used to measure wind direction
• 1. Divergent
  2. Convergent
  3. Transform

  
• Oxygen Cycle

  • essential biogeochemical Cycle to maintain the concentration and level of oxygen in the atmosphere.
• Respiration

  • Process that releases energy in the presence of oxygen.
• Decomposing

  • When plants and animals die, they decay.
• Decomposing

  • This process uses up oxygen and releases CO2 into the air.
• Combustion

  • The process by which fire is generated also requires oxygen, along with heat and fuel.
• Combustion

  • This process also uses up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
• Carbon Cycle

  • This is how carbon transfers between different 'carbon reservoirs' (or carbon sinks) located on Earth.