Sub-Cellular Structures

• nucleus: contains genetic information and controls the activities of the cell (animals/plants)
• cell membrane: controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell (animals/plants/bacteria)
• cytoplasm: a jelly-like substance where chemical reactions occur (animals/plants/bacteria)
• mitochondria: the site of aerobic respiration and is where most of the energy is released (animals/plants)
• ribosome: carries out protein synthesis using the genetic code from dna (animals/plants)
• chloroplast: contains a green pigment called chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis (plants)
• cell wall: rigid outer wall of plant cells that provides support and protection (plants/bacteria）
• permanent vacuole: contains cell sap and is surrounded by a double membrane (plants)
• flagellum: a tail-like structure that rotates to allow bacteria to move (bacteria)
• plasmid: small ring of dna that codes for specific functions (bacteria)
• dna loop: a region of dna that is not part of the chromosome (bacteria)