cases

• ablative of means

  used when describing the means or instrument that is used to do something; abl translated as with
• ablative of manner

  usually cum is used; translated with an English adverb; abl noun translated as with; cum can be omitted when noun is accompanied by adj
• ablative of accompaniment

  always used with the preposition cum
• ablative of agent

  translated as "by"; passive agent = ab + agent (abl); must use a/ab for it to be abl of agent
• partitive genitive

  used to indicate the part of a whole; satis very common; neut s adj with gen s adj
• objective genitive

  used to express verbal notions; functions as the object of a noun that has a verbal force to it
• partitives with the ablative

  partitive notions can be expressed using prepositions such as ex or de; numerals and pauci (few) used as a noun usually use the ablative
• ablative absolute

  self contained; participial phrase; translate as a dependent clause; noun has no close syntactical connection to the main clause and is placed in the ablative
• dative with compound verbs

  the dative is standard with many common verbs when compounded with the prepositions ad, ante, con, in, inter, ob, post, prae, pro, sub, super, circum, re
• ablative of comparison

  the ablative without a preposition can be used for the thing being compared to; no difference between abl of comparison and a comparative with quam
• ablative of degree of difference

  with comparatives, the ablative can be used to indicate the degree of difference between what is being compared
• dative of possession

  dative used with the verb "to be" to indicate the person for whose benefit something exists; usually indicates possession; emphasis different than gen of poss; typically implies personal connection of use, enjoyment, etc that goes beyond that
• dative of agent

  the agent of a passive periphrastic is put in the dative without a preposition; gerundive main clause can be put into indirect discourse using accusative and infinitive construction in the same way as any other main clause
• ablative of time when

  used to indicate means; without preposition to indicate the time when or within something happened
• ablative of separation

  words signifying separation of privation are followed by the ablative; present with verbs meaning to remove, set free, deprive, and want, sometimes with the preposition ab or ex
• ablative of cause

  used to show the cause of the action
• ablative of description

  ablative modified by an adjective or genitive to express a quality something has
• ablative of place

  describes active motion away from a place
• dative of interest

  dative depends on the general meaning of sentence
• dative of reference/advantage

  for whose advantage was the action done
• accusative of respect

  employed with an adjective/verb to denote the part concerned
• accusative of time

  use when saying how long something lasted