Lab Apparatus and techniques

• A microscope is a very basic and needed equipment in the biology laboratory. A simple light microscope uses natural or artificial light and a series of magnifying lenses to observe a tiny specimen.
• A microscope operates on the principles of refraction of light, and takes advantage of how convex lenses bend light.
• Test tubes are usually cylindrical pipes made up of glass, with a circular opening on one side and a rounded bottom on the other side.
• Test tubes come in different sizes but the most common standard size is 18*150 mm
• Test tubes functions from storing to mixing reagents in any chemical or biological reactions
• Test Tube

  
• Beakers are another cylindrical utensil made up of glass, with a flat bottom and an upper opening, which may or may not have a spout. They are of varying sizes and are used to hold, heat, or mix substances with the proper measure.
• Beakers come in every size from tiny 20 ml cups to liter-sized buckets, and everything in between - but 250-500 ml beakers are most common.
• Beaker

  
• Beakers are very stable on most surfaces and best for boiling stuff safely; and with the large opening, you can pour things in or out of it, or stir the contents. However, that large opening also makes it unsuitable for storage purposes - use flasks for that.
• Magnifying Glass

  
• Magnifying glass is used to view enlarged or magnified images of objects or read the small calibrations marked on many equipments. It has a convex lens for object enlargement and usually has a wooden handle to hold it.
• A magnifying glass works with the principle of virtual image creation due to the refraction of light. The centerpiece of a magnifying glass is a convex lens (a round slab of glass fat in the center and progressively slender towards the edges). When light passes through it, a larger-than-life image of the objective is created behind it, which we see from the other side of the glass. The wooden or plastic handle, attached to the lens with a metal or plastic rim, helps you to hold the magnifying glass steadily.   
• Volumetric Flask

  
• A volumetric flask is made up of glass and is calibrated to hold a precise volume of liquids at any precise temperature. In chemistry labs, it is mostly used in the preparation of standard solutions.
• A volumetric flask has a large bulbous body on the bottom, which may have a flattened or round bottom. the body has a long narrow neck, good for plugging a stopper. 
• Volumetric flask are generally made of borosilicate glass, or hardened glass if you need to heat the contents to a higher temperature. You can also use it to store some liquid you made for a long time. 
• A bunsen burner produces a single open flame and it is used for heating and sterilization purposes in the various experiments conducted in labs. 
• Bunsen burner runs on standard LPG fuel and can reach a fairly respectable temperature, unlike a spirit lamp.
• Bunsen Burner

  
• Bunsen Burners are connected by gas hoses to a single distribution point on a lab workbench , which includes internal plumbing for the gas distribution network.
• The dropper, also known as Pasteur pipette, is a common small apparatus, usually made up of plastic or glass cylinder, having a small nozzle on one side and a rubber holder on the other. 
• Dropper is used to put the liquids or solutions in any medium dropwise, that is, one drop at a time, a piece of necessary equipment when any reagent is required in an extremely small amount in a solution.
• Dropper

  
• Pipettes are the big brothers of droppers and you can take up larger amounts of liquids in them.
• Thermometers used in laboratories are analog types that contain mercury in them, though there are digital versions out there as well. 
• Thermometer is a pencil-thin tube of clear glass with graduated temperature readings with a hairline bore through its middle through which the indicator liquid rises. 
• Thermometer

  
•  Tongs are used to grasp and lift hot vessels and harmful substances during any kind of reaction taking place in the lab.
• Tongs

  
• Brushes serve as the cleansing apparatus of the test tubes, as they are the only things that can get fit into the narrow-mouthed test tubes and other cylindrical and narrow objects.
• Brush

  
• Precision balances are the most common beam balance and they can measure milligrams.
• Precision balance

  
• Analytical balance

  
• Analytical balances are so sensitive that even air currents can disturb them. This is why they have a glass box enclosure over the weighing plate. Analytical balances can measure parts of micrograms.
• Wash bottles

  
• The wash bottles are laboratory consumables used for cleansing and sterilization purposes. These bottles are made up of plastic, which serves as a squeezy container with a long nozzle. They mostly contain distilled water, ethanol or deionized water.
• Spatula

  
• The spatulas are usually resistant to heat and acids, hence making them suitable for large range use in the laboratory experiments.