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BioTech
1st Quarter
Prokaryotes
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Cards (25)
Bacteria
Cell
Pili
(Plural)/
Pilus
(Singular) - For Reproduction
Cytoplasm
- Makes
movements
for
enzymes
/
cell structures
in general easier
Plasmid
- Extra
circular
form of
DNA
, reason why bacterium survives
Ribosomes
(NOT Organelles) - To create
protein
Flagella (
Plural
)/ Flagellum (
Singular
) - For
movement
of cell
Cell Membrane - Inner most;
Phospholipid bilayer
Cell Membrane - Inner most; Phospholipid Bilayer
Cell Wall -
Middle
; Made out of
Cellulose
Capsule
- Outer most; Made out of
protein
Nucleoid Region
- For
survival
of the cell
Fimbriae:
Just like
Pili
For adherence on surface
Suckers
Suckers
Reason why you should
wash
your
hands
Prokaryote
- "Pro" means
BEFORE
, while "Karyotes" means
NUCLEUS
(Organelle)
Gram Positive (Prokaryotes):
Blue
/
Purplish
3
Layers
Easier
to kill
Gram Negative (Prokaryotes):
Red
/
Pinkish
5
Layers
2
Toxins
If one toxin only, it is an
Endotoxin
Gram Negative (Prokaryotes):
Red
/
Pinkish
5
Layers
Gram Negative (Prokaryotes):
Red/Pinkish
5 Layers
2 Toxins, if one only, it is an Endotoxin
Peptidoglycan
: Acts as a barrier against
toxins
Periplasmic space
: site where enzymes are released for protection
Lipopolysaccharides
- "
Lipo
" means
LIQUID
/
FAT
, "
Poly
" means
MANY
, "
Saccharides
" means
SUGAR. Lipopolysaccharides
are the cause of inflammation.
Endotoxin
- "Endo" means
INSIDE. Endotoxin
is a toxin released by bacteria even though the bacteria is dead.
CHARACTERISTICS OF GRAM POSITIVE:
Absent Pili
Cell wall has
thick Peptidoglycan
Gram reaction is
Violet dye
or
Stain Blue
/
Purple
Toxin produced it
Exotoxin
Outer Membrane
and
Periplasmic space
is
absent
Resistance
to physical disruption and penicillin is
high
CHARACTERISTICS OF GRAM NEGATIVE:
Pili
is present
Cell wall is
thin Peptidoglycan
Gram reaction is
Stain Pink
or
Red
Toxin produced is
Exotoxin
or
Endotoxin
Outer Membrane
is Present
Periplasmic space
is Present (
Lipopolysaccharides
)
Resistance to physical disruption and penicillin is
low
Bacteria can be used for:
Yogurt
Fermentation
Vaccines
Bioremediation
To create
Genetically Modified Organisms
(
GMO
)
Bacteria may/may not be
harmful
, depending on it's use