Acute injuries

Cards (40)

  • Fractures
    • a partial or complete break in the bone due to excessive force
    • Usually from a direct force ( from collisions or object) an indirect force (falling or poor technique)
  • Common symptoms of fractures
    • Pain
    • Inability to move or unnatural movement
    • Deformity
    • Swelling
    • Discoloration
  • 2 types of fractures
    • Compound (open)
    • Simple (closed )
  • Compound fractures
    • Bones breaks skin
    • Open wound - high risk of infection
  • Simple fractures
    • Skin remains unbroken
    • Fracture causes little movement of the bone
    • minimal damage to soft tissue
  • Types of fractures
    • Greenstick
    • Transverse
    • Oblique
    • Spiral
    • Comminuted
    • Impacted
    • Avulsion
  • Dislocation (acute)
    • occurs when one bone is displaced from another (moves out of original position)
  • Causes of dislocations
    • Direct force (collision or object)
    • Indirect force (a fall)
  • Sites of dislocations - Hip, knee , shoulder , elbow , fingers
  • Symptoms of dislocations- swelling , " pop" feeling
  • Dislocation - Subluxation (partial)
    • Often causes damage to the ligaments
    • When overstretched ligaments are permanently damaged , causing joint instability.
  • Soft tissue injuries can be contusions or haematomas
  • Contusion (bruise) is an area of the skin where blood vessel has ruptured (torn).
  • Most contusions are minor and heal quickly.
  • Haematoma is a result of damaged tissue. There is localised bleeding from the ruptured vessel.
  • Symptoms of haematomas are swelling and discolouration.
  • Sprain is damage (overstretch or tear) to the ligaments
  • Causes of sprains are a sudden twist or fall that takes the joint past its natural range of motion.
  • Common sites of sprains are ankles and knees.
  • Symptoms of sprains are pain, swelling , bruising, discolouration and inability to bear weight.
  • Strains are overstretch or tear to the muscle fibres or tendons
  • Causes of strains are overstretching and sudden movements.
  • Types of fractures
    A) Greenstick
    B) Transverse
    C) Oblique
    D) Spiral
    E) Comminuted
    F) Impacted
    G) Avulsion
  • Strains commonly occur in sports that involve dynamic lunging and explosive movements. Eg - Sprinting out of the blocks in 100m.
  • Symptoms of strains are pain on movement , swelling, discoloration and brusing.
  • The severity of strains ranges from grade 1 - 3
  • Grade 1
    • partial tear
    • minor damage to the fibres
  • Grade 2
    • partial tear
    • not completely ruptured
  • Grade 3
    • Complete rupture
    • Requires surgery and rehab
  • Abrasion is superficial damage to the skin caused by a scraping action against a surface.
  • Abrasions can lead to open wounds is skin is broken.
  • A blister is separation of layers of skin, where a pocket of fluid forms due to friction.
  • Causes of blisters is friction
  • Sprains commonly occur to the knees of footballers and skiers and the thumbs and wrists of athletes bracing a fall.
  • An example of an abrasion is falling on an athetics track.
  • Most sports now have blood rules requiring the player to leave the game until the bleeding stops.
  • Concussion is a traumatic brain injury resulting in a disturbance of brain function, such as headache, dizziness and nausea.
  • Concussion can be caused by a direct blow to the head or it can be caused as a result of the brain bouncing off the inside of the skull.
  • Causes of concussions is direct impact or sudden movement.
  • Concussions are common in sports like boxing and rugby.