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Injury prevention & rehab
Types of injury
Acute injuries
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Gabrielle A-Q
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Cards (40)
Fractures
a
partial
or
complete
break in the bone due to
excessive force
Usually from a direct force ( from collisions or object) an indirect force (falling or poor technique)
Common symptoms of fractures
Pain
Inability to move or
unnatural
movement
Deformity
Swelling
Discoloration
2 types of fractures
Compound
(open)
Simple
(closed )
Compound fractures
Bones
breaks
skin
Open wound - high risk of
infection
Simple fractures
Skin remains
unbroken
Fracture causes
little
movement of the bone
minimal
damage to soft tissue
Types of
fractures
Greenstick
Transverse
Oblique
Spiral
Comminuted
Impacted
Avulsion
Dislocation
(acute)
occurs when one bone is
displaced
from another (moves out of
original
position)
Causes of dislocations
Direct
force (collision or object)
Indirect
force (a fall)
Sites of
dislocations
- Hip, knee , shoulder , elbow , fingers
Symptoms of dislocations-
swelling
, "
pop
" feeling
Dislocation - Subluxation (
partial
)
Often causes damage to the
ligaments
When overstretched ligaments are permanently damaged , causing joint
instability.
Soft tissue injuries can be
contusions
or
haematomas
Contusion
(
bruise
) is an area of the skin where
blood vessel
has ruptured (torn).
Most
contusions
are
minor
and
heal
quickly.
Haematoma is a result of
damaged tissue.
There is localised
bleeding
from the ruptured vessel.
Symptoms of
haematomas
are swelling and
discolouration.
Sprain
is damage (overstretch or tear) to the
ligaments
Causes of sprains are a sudden
twist
or fall that takes the joint past its
natural
range of
motion.
Common sites of sprains are
ankles
and
knees.
Symptoms of sprains are
pain
,
swelling
,
bruising
,
discolouration
and inability to bear
weight.
Strains
are overstretch or tear to the muscle fibres or tendons
Causes of strains are
overstretching
and
sudden
movements.
Types of fractures
A)
Greenstick
B)
Transverse
C)
Oblique
D)
Spiral
E)
Comminuted
F)
Impacted
G)
Avulsion
7
Strains commonly occur in sports that involve dynamic
lunging
and
explosive
movements. Eg -
Sprinting out
of the blocks in
100m.
Symptoms of strains are pain on
movement
, swelling,
discoloration
and brusing.
The severity of strains ranges from grade
1
-
3
Grade 1
partial
tear
minor
damage to the fibres
Grade 2
partial
tear
not completely
ruptured
Grade 3
Complete
rupture
Requires
surgery
and
rehab
Abrasion
is
superficial
damage to the skin caused by a scraping action against a surface.
Abrasions
can lead to open
wounds
is skin is broken.
A
blister
is separation of layers of
skin
, where a pocket of fluid forms due to friction.
Causes of blisters is
friction
Sprains commonly occur to the
knees
of footballers and skiers and the thumbs and
wrists
of athletes bracing a fall.
An example of an
abrasion
is falling on an athetics track.
Most sports now have
blood rules
requiring the player to
leave
the game until the
bleeding
stops.
Concussion is a traumatic brain injury resulting in a disturbance of brain function, such as headache, dizziness and nausea.
Concussion
can be caused by a
direct blow
to the head or it can be caused as a result of the
brain bouncing off the inside of the skull.
Causes of
concussions
is direct
impact
or sudden
movement.
Concussions
are common in sports like
boxing
and
rugby.