KINGDOM ANIMALIA

• Phylum Porifera 


  Sponges
• Phylum Cnidaria


  Have tentacles with stinging cells in their tips for preying
• Phylum Platyhelminths (Flatworms) 


  Lacking in any respiratory or circulatory systems, oxygen pass through their bodies instead in a process known as diffusion.
• Phylum Nematoda (roundworms)

  Ascaris
• Phylum Annelida (Segmented Worms)


  Earthworm, leech
• Phylum Mollusca 


  Invertebrates with soft unsegmented bodies. (snail, squid, clam)
• Phylum Echinodermata


  Starfish, sea urchin
• Phylum Echinodermata 


  Star Fish, sea urchin
• Phylum Arthropoda


  Jointed legs,; biggest urchin, invertebrate animals with an exoskeleton and segmented bodies

  • Class insecta - 6 legs
  • Class Arachnida - 8 legs; spiders, ticks
  • Class Crustacea - 10 or more legs; crab, lobster, shrimp
  • Class DIplopoda (millipedes) - 2 pairs of legs per segment
  • Class Chilopoda (centipedes) - 1 pair of legs per segment
• Vertebrates


  With backbones
• Cold-blooded Vertebrates

  Poiklilothermic/ectothermic (rely on environment for body heat)

  • Class Chondrichthyes (Cartilaginous Fish) - sharks and rays
  • Class Osteichthyes (Bony Fish) - all fish except cartilaginous fish
  • Class Amphibia - have moist skin, lung breathing adult stage
  • Class Reptilia - have scales, lung breathing
• Warm-blooded Vertebrates

  Homeothermic/endothermic (can maintain a constantly high body temperature)

  • Class Aves (Birds) - have feathers
  • Class Mamalia - have hair, mammary glands
• Ocean Life Forms

  Benthos - organisms on the seabed, e.g. starfish corals, crab

  Nekton - organisms that swim; e.g. fish, squid shrimp

  Plankton - organisms that float or drift ont he water surface, such as algae, bacteria, and sea urchin, starfish, fish and crustacean larvae.
• Theory of Natural Selection

  "Survival of the fittest,' by Charles Darwin

  • organisms with genes better suited to the environment are selected for survival and pass them to the next generation.
• Levels of Organization

  Biosphere - all ecosystems on Earth

  Ecosystem - all communities and their environment

  Community - all populations in an area

  Population - all individuals of the same species in an area
• Symbiotic Relationships

  Close relationship between two species in which at least one species benefits
• Commensalism

  One species benefits while the other species is not affected.
• Mutualism


  both species benefit.
• Neutralism


  two species appear to have no effect whatsoever on each other
• Parasitism

  One species (the parasite) benefits while the other species (the host) is harmed