CH1 THE HUMAN ORGANISM

Created by

Jamilah Maxine

Cards (94)

Anatomy 
The investigation of body structure
Physiology 
Investigates the process and functions of the human body
Importance of Anatomy & Physiology
Understanding how the body responds to stimuli
Environmental changes
Environmental cues
Disease & injury
Types of Physiology 
Human Physiology
Systemic Physiology
Cellular Physiology
Types of Anatomy 
Systemic Anatomy
Surface Anatomy
Regional Anatomy
Anatomical Imaging
Structural & Functional Organization
1. Chemical
2. Cellular
3. Tissues
4. Organs
5. Organ-System
6. Organism
Levels of Structural Organization
Chemical: Atoms, chemical bonds, molecules
Cellular: Basic units of life
Tissues: Group of cells with similar structure & function
Organs: Two or more tissue types
Organ-System: Group of organs
Organism: All organ systems working together
Four broad types of tissues
Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous
Major Organ Systems of the Body
Integumentary System
Skeletal System
Muscular System
Nervous System
Endocrine System
Cardiovascular System
Lymphatic System
Respiratory System
Digestive System
Urinary System
Female Reproductive System
Male Reproductive System
Integumentary System 
Provides protection
Regulates temperature
Prevents water loss
Helps produce vitamin D
Skeletal System 
Provides protection and support
Allows body movements
Produces blood cells
Stores minerals and adipose tissue
Muscular System 
Produces body movements
Maintains posture
Produces body heat
Nervous System 
Major regulatory system
Detects sensations
Controls movements
Psychological processes
Intellectual function
Endocrine System 
Influences metabolism
Growth
Reproduction
Cardiovascular System 
Transports nutrients
Waste products
Gases
Hormones
Lymphatic System 
Removes substances from blood and lymph
Combats disease
Maintains tissue fluid balance
Absorbs dietary fats
Respiratory System 
Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide
Regulates blood pH
Digestive System 
Performs mechanical and chemical processes of digestion
Absorption of nutrients
Elimination of wastes
Urinary System 
Removes waste products from blood
Regulates blood pH
Ion balance
Water balance
Female Reproductive System 
Produces oocytes
Site of fertilization and fetal development
Produces milk for newborn
Male Reproductive System 
Produces and transfers sperm cells
Produces hormones that influence sexual functions
Characteristics of Life 
Organization
Metabolism
Responsiveness
Growth
Development
Reproduction
Homeostasis 
Maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body
Homeostasis involves maintenance of a variable around an ideal normal value, or set point
Examples of variables in homeostasis
Body temperature
Heart rate
Blood pressure
Blood glucose levels
Blood cell counts
Respiratory rate
Set point 
Normal, or average value of a variable over time
Set point for some variables can be temporarily adjusted depending on body activities
High body temperature 
Makes us sweat
Negative feedback 
Main mechanism used in homeostatic regulation
Positive feedback 
Mechanisms occur when the initial stimulus further stimulates the response
In childbirth, receptors signal the control center that the cervix is being stretched
Negative feedback 
The main mechanism used in homeostatic regulation
Negative 
“to decrease”
Positive 
“increase”
Negative feedback maintains variation within normal range
Negative feedback response involves
1. Detection
2. Correction
Detection 
Of deviation away from set point
Correction 
Reversal of deviation toward set point and normal range
Some positive feedback occurs under normal conditions, EX: childbirth
Positive feedback is generally associated with injury, disease