UNIT 2 PP4

• Participation in physical activity is a key means of improving the physical health and mental well being of individuals.
• Diseases prevented by physical activity

  • Cardiovascular disease
  • Type 2 diabetes
  • Osteoporosis
  • Forms of cancer
  • Obesity
  • Injury
• Mental health benefits of physical activity

  • Reducing depression, stress and anxiety
  • Improved self confidence and self esteem
  • Increased energy levels
  • Better sleep patterns
  • Improved concentration
  • Higher cognitive functioning
• Exercise controls


  Blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and reduces the development of atherosclerosis
• Exercise stimulates


  Bone formation, and the retention of calcium
• Exercise helps burn


  Calories
• People who engage in limited recreational activity are more likely to gain weight than more active people.
• Obesity is a risk factor in coronary heart disease, hypertension, stroke, high cholesterol, type II diabetes and sleep apnea.
• Regular physical activity makes


  The heart stronger
• A stronger heart can

  Pump more blood with less effort
• If the heart can work less to pump

  The force on arteries decreases, lowering blood pressure
• Exercise plays a major role in

  The prevention and control of insulin resistance
• Both aerobic and resistance training improve

  Insulin action, and can assist with the management of blood glucose levels
• Exercise increases


  Muscle mass (hypertrophy), muscle tone and improves the strength of connective tissues (tendons & ligaments)
• Managed exercise programs help reduce the incidence of soft tissue injuries.
• Being inactive


  Can increase the risk of stroke
• People who participate in moderate activity


  Are less likely to have a stroke
• Regular participation in aerobic exercise has been shown to decrease overall levels of tension, elevate and stabilize mood, improve sleep, and improve self-esteem.
• Studies show that exercise is

  Very effective at reducing fatigue, improving alertness and concentration, and at enhancing overall cognitive function
• Social benefits of physical activity

  • Increases self esteem
  • Builds connection to the community
  • Develops relationships
  • Enhances social cohesion
• Health risks of inactivity

  • Coronary heart disease
  • High blood pressure
  • Type II diabetes
  • Stroke
  • Sleep apnea
• Health risks associated with obesity

  • Coronary heart disease
  • High blood pressure
  • Type II diabetes
  • Stroke
  • Sleep apnea
• Obesity assists in


  Managing energy imbalance (i.e exercise increases the number of kilojoules burned)
• Hypertension, heart attack, stroke are

  Health risks associated with cardiovascular disease
• Type II Diabetes can lead to

  Kidney disease, heart disease, stroke
• Osteoporosis can lead to

  Osteoporotic fractures
• Weight bearing and resistance exercise helps

  Maintain and improve bone density
• Osteoarthritis can lead to

  Joint pain, reduced mobility
• Strengthening exercises


  Strengthens joint, bone and surrounding muscles, reduces pain and stiffness, promotes joint mobility
• 63% of Australians 18 years of age and over are overweight or obese (35% overweight, 28% obese).
• 25% of Australian children are overweight or obese (18% overweight, 7% obese).
• Overweight and obesity is the 2nd highest contributor to burden of disease.
• Body mass index (BMI)

  A measure of body fat based on your weight in relation to your height
• A lack of exercise combined with a poor diet (excessive kilojoules) leads to a positive energy balance and a corresponding weight gain.
• To maintain a healthy weight it is important to balance how many kilojoules you take in (from food and drink) with how many kilojoules you burn off.
• How many kilojoules you need each day depends on your age, gender, body size and activity levels.
• Energy balance types


  • Positive energy balance
  • Neutral energy balance
  • Negative energy balance
• Positive energy balance


  Energy intake is more than energy expenditure (weight gain)
• Neutral energy balance


  Energy intake is equal to energy expenditure (weight constant)
• Negative energy balance


  Energy intake is less than energy expenditure (weight loss)