Essay compile

• 2. Identify a named organelle that can only be seen under electron microscope and state its functions [2/3]

  Golgi apparatus:

  • stores, chemically modifies and packages manufactured proteins in vesicles for secretion out of the cell
  • stomach [1] the stomach cells produces and secretes abundance of digestive enzymes (pepsin) for digestion of proteins. Enzymes are proteins in nature [1]
• Mitochondria:

  • site of aerobic respiration where glucose is oxidised to release energy for cellular activities
  • muscles [1] requires lots of energy released from aerobic respiration by mitochondria for contractions of muscles for movement. [1]
  • liver [1] requires lots of energy released from aerobic respiration by mitochondria for high cellular activities / high metabolic rate in detoxification /deamination.
  • Small intestine [1] requires lots of energy released from aerobic respiration by mitochondria for absorption of digested nutrients into blood stream via active transport.
• Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum:

  • To transport proteins synthesized by ribosomes to the Golgi apparatus for secretion out of the cell
  • stomach [1] the stomach cells produces and secretes abundance of digestive enzymes (pepsin) for digestion of proteins. Enzymes are proteins in nature [1]
• Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum:

  • synthesises fats and steroids and convert harmful substances into harmless substances via detoxification
  • liver [1] liver is responsible for detoxification of harmful substances into less harmful substances thus its cells will have abundance of SER. [1]
• plant cells VS animal cells [6]

  Similarities: 1. Both have nucleus; 2. Both have cell membrane / mitochondria / RER/SER (any 2); Differences Plant cell have cell wall but animal do not have

  Plant cell have chloroplast but animal do not have

  Plant cell have a large central vacuole but animal cells have small and numerous vacuoles