boiling points of molecules from highest to lowest
carboxylic acids →2 molecules in liquid state form dimers (2H bonds b/w atom) = double molar mass = ↑ dispersion forces
alcohols, amines, amide
ester, aldehyde, ketone
haloalkane
alkane
alkene
↑ thermal energy req. to break bonds b/w molecules = ↑ bpt
what FGs are polar
OH, COOH, NH2, CONH, CHO, COO
increasing molecular size on bpt
more atoms = increase strength of the temporary dipoles
increases the no. of dispersion forces b/w molecules = ↑ bpt + viscosity
branching + crowding
straight chain molecules pack more closely together than branched molecules = ↑ strength of dispersion forces so branched molecules have more space b/w the molecules = ↓ dispersion forces = ↓bpt + viscosity
functional groups crowded by alkyl groups = ↓ strength of dispersion forces = ↓ bpt + viscosity
