Chapter Five

Created by

Georgia Brooks

Cards (111)

Organism 
A living thing made up of one or more cells
Cell 
The smallest functional unit of a living organism
Specialised cells 
Cells which serve a unique, particular function
Tissue 
A cluster of cells which perform a shared function
Organ 
The combination of tissues and cells into a distinct structure that performs a specific function
System 
A collection of organs and tissues that perform specific functions necessary for survival
Vascular tissues 
Conducting tissues that transport water and nutrients throughout a plant
Dermal tissue 
A collection of cells that form the outer linings of a plant
Ground tissues 
An encompassing term for many different plant tissue types, which are involved in metabolism and support
Leaves 
The plant organs that are responsible for photosynthesis
Flowers 
The reproductive organ of angiosperms, grows into fruit following fertilisation
Fruit 
The seed-bearing structures that are responsible for the protection of developing seeds and seed dispersal
Stem 
The main body of the plant that provides support and connects the whole plant
Roots 
The plant organ embedded in the ground that absorbs water and nutrients from soil, and provides support for the plant
Root system 
Organ system in plants that is responsible for providing support to the plant and water and nutrient absorption from soil
Shoot system 
Organ system in plants made up of reproductive organs, stems, and leaves
Muscle tissue 
A collection of animal cells that are capable of contraction
Nervous tissue 
A collection of animal cells that sense stimuli and initiate responses
Connective tissue 
A collection of many different animal cells that bind and support the other major tissue types
Epithelial tissue 
One of the basic tissue types in animals that line the outer surface of organs and blood vessels
Digestive system 
The collection of specialised tissues and organs responsible for the breakdown of food and absorption of nutrients
Excretory system 
The collection of organs and tissues that removes excess fluid and waste materials from the body
Endocrine system 
The collection of glands in animals responsible for producing hormones that can be transported in the bloodstream to regulate distant organs/cells
Hormone 
A signalling molecule released from endocrine glands that regulates the growth or activity of target cells
Skeletal system 
The organ system comprised of bone and cartilage that supports the body and the muscular system to enable movement
Muscular system 
A collection of muscle tissues that circulate blood and enable movement
Integumentary system 
The organs and tissues responsible for protecting the body from the external environment
Nervous system 
The network of nerve tissue that receives, transmits, and responds to stimuli
Immune system 
A collection of organs and tissues that provide resistance to and protection from infection and diseases
Respiratory system 
The organ system that allows an organism to breathe and exchange gases with the external environment
Blood circulatory system 
The network of blood vessels and the heart that pumps blood around the body
Reproductive system 
The sex organs responsible for sexual reproduction
Vascular plants 
A group of plants that contain vascular tissues
Xylem tissue 
Transports water and minerals in one direction, from the roots to the leaves
Phloem tissue 
Transports sugars and other nutrients in two directions, to all the cells of the plant
Vascular bundles 
The close arrangement of xylem and phloem tissues
Root hair cell 
A cell with hair-like extensions that absorbs water and minerals from the soil into the root
Extracellular pathway 
The pathway by which roots absorb the majority of water from the soil
Cytoplasmic pathway 
The pathway by which roots absorb the majority of nutrients and essential minerals from the soil
Casparian strip 
The impermeable barrier between the root cells and vascular tissue that forces water and solutes travelling by the extracellular pathway into the cytoplasm of cells