macromolecules

• Hydrocarbon

  Organic Compound

  made up of carbon and hydrogen
• 4 major hydrocarbons

  Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acid
• Carbohydrates

  joined by (micro)molecules
• Monosaccharides

  The simplest type of carbohydrates, single sugar molecules that cannot be broken down further.
• Basic/Main elements

  Carbon needs 4 valence electrons to make it stable = hydrocarbon
• Each Point represents a carbon and each carbon is connected to a hydrogen
• Macromolecules

  Atoms joined together to be an atom
• Types of Macromolecules

  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
  • Proteins
  • Nucleic acids
• Monomers

  Basic unit of macromolecules
• To make a monomer more complex


  It uses another monomer which makes a polymer
• Polymer

  A macromolecule (combination of monomers)
• Carbohydrates are the most abundant macromolecule
• Carbohydrates

  Energy source and structural component of a cell
• Basic formula of carbohydrates is C1H2O1
• Ratio of carbohydrates is 1:2:1
• Basic kind of carbohydrate is glucose which is a monomer
• Hydrate of carbon

  C6 H12 O6
• Chemical groupings of Carbohydrates

  • Monosaccharides
  • Disaccharides
  • Oligosaccharides
  • Polysaccharides
• Monosaccharides

  Monomers of sugar
• Body uses glucose the most
• Glucose comes from plants (photosynthesis)
• Monosaccharides used to make more complex sugars

  • Glucose
  • Fructose
  • Galactose
• Glucose

  6 carbon
• Mitochondria uses glucose to make ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
• Fructose

  5 carbon, plant sugar
• Galactose

  6 carbon, milk sugar
• Disaccharides are formed through a condensation process
• Disaccharides

  2 molecules of simple sugar bonded together by glycosidic bonds
• Types of disaccharides

  • Lactose
  • Sucrose
  • Maltose
• Lactose

  Found in milk
• Sucrose

  Found in table sugar, honey, maple
• Maltose

  Found in malt sugar (example: corn syrup)
• Oligosaccharides

  1. 10 monosaccharide units linked together by glycosidic bonds
• Oligosaccharides substitute for fats and sugar
• Oligosaccharides are mildly sweet and found in plants
• Polysaccharides

  Hundreds of linked monomers
• Examples of polysaccharides

  • Starch
  • Cellulose
  • Chitin
  • Glycogen
• Starch

  Energy source of plants
• Cellulose is found in the cell wall of plants
• Chitin is found in insects with an exoskeleton